Neurobiology

Question 0

3 parts of a neuron

Answer 0

1. Dendrites
2. Axon
3. Synapse

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Specific type of cell that processes and transmits information through electrical/chemical signals

Basic unit of nervous system

Post-mitotic (no longer dividing)
Cannot replace cells
Can create new connections between neurons

Question 2

Dendrites

Answer 2

Projections

Part of neuron that is accepting or transmitting the signal

Question 3

Axon

Answer 3

Part of neuron that sends the signal to the next neuron

Question 4

Synapse

Answer 4

Part of neuron that releases a chemical signal

Question 5

Neuron morphology

Answer 5

1. Unipolar: 1 extension from cell body (neurite)
2. Bipolar: 2 extensions from cell body at opposite poles (interneurons->relay signals between sensory and motor neurons)
3. Multipolar: many dendrites and 1 long axon from cell body
   Most frequent
   Vast majority of brain and nervous system

Question 6

Myelin

Answer 6

Insulated coating of axons
80% lipid; 20% protein
Secreted from support cells

Question 7

Glial cells

Answer 7

Support neuronal function through a variety of specific mechanisms

Satellite cells
Astrocytes
Microglia

Question 8

Satellite cells

Answer 8

Glial cells that maintain homeostasis

Question 9

Astrocytes

Answer 9

Glial cells that provide structural support

Question 10

Microglia

Answer 10

Glial cells in brain’s immune system
Destroy microbes (bacteria, viruses)
Clean debris
Remove degrading neurons