Introduction to the Cell

Question 0

Plasma membrane

Answer 0

Outermost border of the cell formed by lipids (fats) and proteins

Lipid bilayer
Semi-permeable

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

1. All living things are made of cells
2. All cells come from pre-existing cells
3. Cells are the fundamental unit of any organism

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Membrane-bound structure that contains chromosomes (DNA)

Makes ribosomes
Uses pores to regulate import/export

Question 3

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 3

Do not contain DNA to a membrane-bound nucleus

Bacteria

Question 4

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 4

Store DNA as compact chromosomes inside a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 5

Cellular localization of central dogma

Answer 5

DNA -> mRNA Inside nucleus

Translation Cytoplasm

Question 6

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Network of membrane-bound tubules contiguous with the nucleus

Smooth ER: no ribosomes; storage and lipid (fats) synthesis

Rough ER: appears to be rough because it is covered in ribosomes; high concentration of proteins

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

Modifies proteins, sorts them, and sends them where they are needed

Question 8

Cytoskeleton

Answer 8

Network of fibers that extends throughout the cytoplasm

3 different types:
Microfilaments: structure, movement
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules: transport of vesicles (transport can be very different depending on cell shape)

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

Storage

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Breakdown

Question 11

Peroxisome

Answer 11

Metabolic

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Convert energy in sugars and fats to chemical energy the cell can use

ATP

One of two organelles that has its own DNA
Can only come from the egg cell

Question 13

Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Photosynthesis: utilize the energy from light to make ATP and carbohydrates

2nd organelle with its own DNA