Central Dogma

Question 0

DNA

Answer 0

Deoxyribonucleic acid
Double helix
Polymer of nucleotides (nucleotides are covalently linked together in a single strand)
A,T,G,C

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

Unit of genetic information that provides instructions for a specific property of an organism

Provides the instructions to make a protein

Question 2

Central Dogma

Answer 2

DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Transcription Translation

Place where we can treat disease (antibiotics)

Question 3

Transcription factors

Answer 3

Proteins at bind to the regulatory sequence. Of DNA to control gene expression

Gene expression can be positively or negatively regulated
Negative: when the binding of a repressor protein inhibits inscription
Positive: when the binding of an activator protein stimulates transcription

Question 4

Regulatory region

Answer 4

Turn on/off gene

Question 5

Cell specific regulation and combination control

Answer 5

Differential expression of genes located in different cells varies because of differing amounts and identities of activators present

Question 6

Transcription

Answer 6

Process of synthesizing mRNA from a gene

3 steps:

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 7

3 steps of transcription

Answer 7

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

Carries information from the gene to the site of protein synthesis

Question 9

RNA v DNA

Answer 9

RNA DNA
single stranded Double helix
U T
Ribose Deoxyribose

Question 10

Goal of translation

Answer 10

Read the sequence of one biological polymer to synthesize another->generate a polypeptide chain

How?
Tools
Code

Question 11

Ribosome

Answer 11

Tool of translation
The molecule that binds to mRNA, decodes it, and covalently links amino acids together 
Complex of protein and RNA
2 subunits 30s and 50s
Acts as an enzyme

Question 12

tRNA

Answer 12

Tool of translation

Acts as an adapter allowing the ribosome to decode mRNA into a polypeptide chain

Question 13

Codon

Answer 13

Set of 3 nucleotides read together that code for a specific amino acid

Question 14

Translation

Answer 14

The process of reading the mRNA and synthesizing the corresponding polypeptide chain

3 key steps:

1. Initiation
2. Elongation
3. Termination

Question 15

Peptide bond

Answer 15

A specific covalent linkage between two amino acids

Question 16

Polypeptide

Answer 16

Many amino acids linked together

A polymer of amino acids

Question 17

Protein

Answer 17

Polymer of amino acids