Neurobiology

Question 1

Structured imaging techniques show

Answer 1

structure (tumors and atrophies)

done by CT’s and MRI’s

Question 2

Functional imaging techniques show

Answer 2

function
done by PETS
SPECT
fMRI

Question 3

major brain functions

Answer 3

homeostasis
regulation of ANS and hormones
sleep/ wake cycles
memory 
social skills

Question 4

function of frontal lobe

Answer 4

thought process (thinking, planning, organizing and problem solving skills, personality, behavior)

Question 5

damage to frontal lobe can cause

Answer 5

inability to plan and sequence steps/actions
mood changes (emotional labile)
Brocha’s aphasia
perseveration (OCD, obsessive thinking of one single thought)

Question 6

perseveration

Answer 6

persistence of a single thought

Question 7

emotional labile

Answer 7

mood changes

Question 8

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 8

Inability to express language

Question 9

function of parietal lobe

Answer 9

perception; making sense of the world; math and spelling

Question 10

damage to parietal lobe can cause

Answer 10

problems with reading, naming objects, drawing and math
difficulty distinguishing left from right
lack of awareness of certain body parts
apraxia

Question 11

apraxia

Answer 11

difficulty controlling fine and gross motor movements

Question 12

function of temporal lobe

Answer 12

memory, understanding, auditory, language

Question 13

damage to temporal lobe can cause

Answer 13

prosopagnosia
wernicke's aphasia
difficulty with identification of, and verbalization about objects
short term and long term memory loss
persistent talking
MANIA
increased aggressive behavior

Question 14

prosopagnosia

Answer 14

hard time recognizing familiar faces

Question 15

Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 15

difficulty understanding spoken word

Question 16

function of occipital lobe

Answer 16

vision

Question 17

damage to the occipital lobe can cause

Answer 17

visual field cuts
hallucinations
visual illusions (seeing a coat rack and thinking it is a person)
inability to recognize words or drawn objects
movement agnosia

Question 18

movement agnosia

Answer 18

inability to recognize the movement of objects

Question 19

corpus callosum

Answer 19

relays information between hemispheres

if damaged cannot relay info

Question 20

left side of the brain

Answer 20

logical

if damaged less ability to feel emotion

Question 21

right side of the brain

Answer 21

emotional

if damaged difficult to control emotions and problem solve; less of object constancy

Question 22

serotonin

Answer 22

inhibitory

mood, emotion, sleep, pain, and appetite

Question 23

serotonin is decreased in

Answer 23

depression and anxiety

addiction

Question 24

dopamine

Answer 24

excitatory
pleasurable feelings, complex motor activities
plays roll in hallucinations

Question 25

dopamine is decreased in

Answer 25

depression and addiction

Question 26

dopamine is increased in

Answer 26

mania

schizophrenia

Question 27

norepinephrine

Answer 27

stimulates ANS
fight or flight
mood, attention span, arousal

Question 28

norepinephrine is decreased in

Answer 28

depression

Question 29

norepinephrine is increased in

Answer 29

mania, anxiety, schizophrenia

Question 30

GABA

Answer 30

inhibitory
reduces anxiety, aggression, stress
regulates norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin

Question 31

GABA is decreased in

Answer 31

anxiety
mania
schizophrenia

Question 32

increased GABA decreases what?

Answer 32

anxiety

Question 33

glutamate

Answer 33

excitatory

Question 34

increase in glutamate causes

Answer 34

seizures

neurodegeneration in alzheimers

Question 35

decrease in glutamate causes

Answer 35

psychosis, autism, OCD, depression

schizophrenia

Question 36

neuroplasticity

Answer 36

ability for brain to create new pathways
represents new knowledge
repetition is important

Question 37

synaptic pruining

Answer 37

removal of unused/damaged neural structures
have more as a child and less as adult
to much pruning can cause schizophrenia