Neurobiology Flashcards
Structured imaging techniques show
structure (tumors and atrophies)
done by CT’s and MRI’s
Functional imaging techniques show
function
done by PETS
SPECT
fMRI
major brain functions
homeostasis regulation of ANS and hormones sleep/ wake cycles memory social skills
function of frontal lobe
thought process (thinking, planning, organizing and problem solving skills, personality, behavior)
damage to frontal lobe can cause
inability to plan and sequence steps/actions
mood changes (emotional labile)
Brocha’s aphasia
perseveration (OCD, obsessive thinking of one single thought)
perseveration
persistence of a single thought
emotional labile
mood changes
Broca’s Aphasia
Inability to express language
function of parietal lobe
perception; making sense of the world; math and spelling
damage to parietal lobe can cause
problems with reading, naming objects, drawing and math
difficulty distinguishing left from right
lack of awareness of certain body parts
apraxia
apraxia
difficulty controlling fine and gross motor movements
function of temporal lobe
memory, understanding, auditory, language
damage to temporal lobe can cause
prosopagnosia wernicke's aphasia difficulty with identification of, and verbalization about objects short term and long term memory loss persistent talking MANIA increased aggressive behavior
prosopagnosia
hard time recognizing familiar faces
Wernicke’s aphasia
difficulty understanding spoken word
function of occipital lobe
vision
damage to the occipital lobe can cause
visual field cuts
hallucinations
visual illusions (seeing a coat rack and thinking it is a person)
inability to recognize words or drawn objects
movement agnosia
movement agnosia
inability to recognize the movement of objects
corpus callosum
relays information between hemispheres
if damaged cannot relay info
left side of the brain
logical
if damaged less ability to feel emotion
right side of the brain
emotional
if damaged difficult to control emotions and problem solve; less of object constancy
serotonin
inhibitory
mood, emotion, sleep, pain, and appetite
serotonin is decreased in
depression and anxiety
addiction
dopamine
excitatory
pleasurable feelings, complex motor activities
plays roll in hallucinations
dopamine is decreased in
depression and addiction
dopamine is increased in
mania
schizophrenia
norepinephrine
stimulates ANS
fight or flight
mood, attention span, arousal
norepinephrine is decreased in
depression
norepinephrine is increased in
mania, anxiety, schizophrenia
GABA
inhibitory
reduces anxiety, aggression, stress
regulates norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine, serotonin
GABA is decreased in
anxiety
mania
schizophrenia
increased GABA decreases what?
anxiety
glutamate
excitatory
increase in glutamate causes
seizures
neurodegeneration in alzheimers
decrease in glutamate causes
psychosis, autism, OCD, depression
schizophrenia
neuroplasticity
ability for brain to create new pathways
represents new knowledge
repetition is important
synaptic pruining
removal of unused/damaged neural structures
have more as a child and less as adult
to much pruning can cause schizophrenia
