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Nervous System Practical > Neuroanatomy Vocab > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system made up of the nerves outside the CNS
(Nerves and ganglia… cluster of neuron cell bodies)

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3
Q

Sensory(afferent) division

A

Division of the PNS composed of nerves that carry information TO the CNS
SENSORY NERVES

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4
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

Division of the PNS composed of nerves that carry information FROM the CNS
MOTOR NERVES

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5
Q

Somatic division

A

part of motor division responsible for conscious or voluntary control of skeletal muscles and reflexes

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6
Q

Autonomic division

A

Part of the motor division responsible for automatic or involuntary responses

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7
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells of the nervous systems that insulate support and protect delicate neurons

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8
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Fibers that receive and convey message to the cell body of a neuron

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10
Q

Cell body

A

The metabolic center of a neuron and contains the nucleus

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11
Q

Axon

A

Neuron fibers that conduct impulses away from cell bocly

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12
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outermost layer of cerebellum composed of grey matter and is responsiblefor thinking and processing information from the five senses

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13
Q

White matter

A

Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Grey matter

A

Unmyelinated and packed neuron cell bodies

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15
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carries impulses from receptors to CNS

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16
Q

Interneuron

A

Connets sensory and motor neurons in the CNS

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17
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carries impulses from CNS to a muscle or gland

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18
Q

Cerebrum

A

The largest and most superior part of the brain and is composed of two hemispheres

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19
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Anterior -posterior division between the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

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20
Q

Gyri

A

Elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebrum

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21
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves un the surface of the cerebrum

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22
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid

A

Fluid made from plasma in brain ventricles that provide cushion for CNS

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23
Q

Brain stem

A

Connects brain to spinal cord,and is composed of 3 areas:midbrain , pons, and medulla oblongata. They control breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

Has parallel surface grooves, inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes; responsible for balance, equilibrium, and coordination

25
Q

Brachial plexuses

A

Network of fibers extending laterally from neck to axilla
Provide motor output to the upper limbs
Provide sensory input from the upper limbs
Innervate some muscles of the back, pectoral girdle,and arm

26
Q

Trunk

A

Large bundles of axons from many spinal nerves

27
Q

Cords

A

Smaller branches that originate at trunks, names are based on locationcompared to axillary artery

28
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Plexus innervates the inferior abdominal wall, anterior thigh, medial thigh,and skin of medial leg

29
Q

Cauda equina

A

Roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves which form a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column

30
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Extend from brain

31
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Extend from spinal cord

32
Q

Mixed nerves

A

Contain both motor and sensory nerves

33
Q

Characteristics of neurons

A

Excitability
Conductivity
Secretion
Extreme longevity
Amniotic

34
Q

Retina

A

Innermost layer of the eye that contains sensory receptors that respond to light

35
Q

Choroid

A

Middle layer of the eye, between the sclera and retina,contains a dark pigment that prevents light from scattering inside the eye

36
Q

Sclera

A

The outer most white covering of the eye

37
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent covering over the iris and pupil through which light passes

38
Q

Pupil

A

The opening in the iris where light enters eye

39
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of the eye that opens and closes to adjust the amount of light that enters the eye

40
Q

Lens

A

Flexible, biconvex structure that focuses light

41
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Cells that respond to light stimuli

42
Q

Fovea centralis

A

Area of sharpest vision on the retina

43
Q

Rods

A

Type of photoreceptor that allows us to see in grey tones in climlight and provides peripheral vision; most dense at the edge of retina

44
Q

Cones

A

Type of photoreceptor that allows us to see in color in bright light anolare must dense at the center of the retina

45
Q

Astigmatism

A

Fuzzy or blurry images are formed due to an irregular cornea that scatters light

46
Q

Auricle

A

The external part of the ear that gathers soundwaves and directs them towards the eardrum aka the pinna

47
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

The auclitory canal between the auricle and eardrum

48
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Thin membrane between the outer and middle ear that vibrates in response to sound waves; the eardrum

49
Q

Auditory ossicles

A

Three tiny bones in the middle of the ear that transfersond waves to the oval windows malleus, incus, stapes

50
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and helpsto equalize pressure in the middle ear aka the pharyngotympanic tube

51
Q

Static equilibrium

A

Refers to the position of the head with respect to gravity when the body is not moving

52
Q

Otoliths

A

Tiny stones in the vestibule that stimulates hair cells which inform the brain of head position

53
Q

Cochlea

A

Inner ear structure that contains a fluid that moves in response to sound waves

54
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

Taste and smell receptors that detect chemicals

55
Q

Olfactory bulb

A

Area of smell receptors in the roof of each nasal cavity that transmit smell information to the brain (CN1)

56
Q

Taste buds

A

Receptors for sense of taste located mostly on the tongue

57
Q

Gustatory cells

A

Taste receptor cells inside taste buds

Nervous System Practical (5 decks)

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