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Neuroanatomy Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Part of the nervous system made up of the nerves outside the CNS
(Nerves and ganglia… cluster of neuron cell bodies)

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3
Q

Sensory(afferent) division

A

Division of the PNS composed of nerves that carry information TO the CNS
SENSORY NERVES

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4
Q

Motor (efferent) division

A

Division of the PNS composed of nerves that carry information FROM the CNS
MOTOR NERVES

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5
Q

Somatic division

A

part of motor division responsible for conscious or voluntary control of skeletal muscles and reflexes

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6
Q

Autonomic division

A

Part of the motor division responsible for automatic or involuntary responses

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7
Q

Neuroglia

A

Cells of the nervous systems that insulate support and protect delicate neurons

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8
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Fibers that receive and convey message to the cell body of a neuron

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10
Q

Cell body

A

The metabolic center of a neuron and contains the nucleus

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11
Q

Axon

A

Neuron fibers that conduct impulses away from cell bocly

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12
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Outermost layer of cerebellum composed of grey matter and is responsiblefor thinking and processing information from the five senses

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13
Q

White matter

A

Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

Grey matter

A

Unmyelinated and packed neuron cell bodies

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15
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carries impulses from receptors to CNS

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16
Q

Interneuron

A

Connets sensory and motor neurons in the CNS

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17
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carries impulses from CNS to a muscle or gland

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18
Q

Cerebrum

A

The largest and most superior part of the brain and is composed of two hemispheres

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19
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Anterior -posterior division between the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

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20
Q

Gyri

A

Elevated ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebrum

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21
Q

Sulci

A

Shallow grooves un the surface of the cerebrum

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22
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid

A

Fluid made from plasma in brain ventricles that provide cushion for CNS

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23
Q

Brain stem

A

Connects brain to spinal cord,and is composed of 3 areas:midbrain , pons, and medulla oblongata. They control breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

Has parallel surface grooves, inferior to the occipital and temporal lobes; responsible for balance, equilibrium, and coordination

25
Brachial plexuses
Network of fibers extending laterally from neck to axilla Provide motor output to the upper limbs Provide sensory input from the upper limbs Innervate some muscles of the back, pectoral girdle,and arm
26
Trunk
Large bundles of axons from many spinal nerves
27
Cords
Smaller branches that originate at trunks, names are based on locationcompared to axillary artery
28
Lumbar plexus
Plexus innervates the inferior abdominal wall, anterior thigh, medial thigh,and skin of medial leg
29
Cauda equina
Roots of the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves which form a bundle within the lowest part of the spinal column
30
Cranial nerves
Extend from brain
31
Spinal nerves
Extend from spinal cord
32
Mixed nerves
Contain both motor and sensory nerves
33
Characteristics of neurons
Excitability Conductivity Secretion Extreme longevity Amniotic
34
Retina
Innermost layer of the eye that contains sensory receptors that respond to light
35
Choroid
Middle layer of the eye, between the sclera and retina,contains a dark pigment that prevents light from scattering inside the eye
36
Sclera
The outer most white covering of the eye
37
Cornea
The transparent covering over the iris and pupil through which light passes
38
Pupil
The opening in the iris where light enters eye
39
Iris
Colored part of the eye that opens and closes to adjust the amount of light that enters the eye
40
Lens
Flexible, biconvex structure that focuses light
41
Photoreceptors
Cells that respond to light stimuli
42
Fovea centralis
Area of sharpest vision on the retina
43
Rods
Type of photoreceptor that allows us to see in grey tones in climlight and provides peripheral vision; most dense at the edge of retina
44
Cones
Type of photoreceptor that allows us to see in color in bright light anolare must dense at the center of the retina
45
Astigmatism
Fuzzy or blurry images are formed due to an irregular cornea that scatters light
46
Auricle
The external part of the ear that gathers soundwaves and directs them towards the eardrum aka the pinna
47
External acoustic meatus
The auclitory canal between the auricle and eardrum
48
Tympanic membrane
Thin membrane between the outer and middle ear that vibrates in response to sound waves; the eardrum
49
Auditory ossicles
Three tiny bones in the middle of the ear that transfersond waves to the oval windows malleus, incus, stapes
50
Eustachian tube
Connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx and helpsto equalize pressure in the middle ear aka the pharyngotympanic tube
51
Static equilibrium
Refers to the position of the head with respect to gravity when the body is not moving
52
Otoliths
Tiny stones in the vestibule that stimulates hair cells which inform the brain of head position
53
Cochlea
Inner ear structure that contains a fluid that moves in response to sound waves
54
Chemoreceptor
Taste and smell receptors that detect chemicals
55
Olfactory bulb
Area of smell receptors in the roof of each nasal cavity that transmit smell information to the brain (CN1)
56
Taste buds
Receptors for sense of taste located mostly on the tongue
57
Gustatory cells
Taste receptor cells inside taste buds

Nervous System Practical (5 decks)

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