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My Structure & Function > Neuroanatomy - S&F II > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy - S&F II Flashcards

0
Q

Infratentorial rumors

A

More common in infant/children

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1
Q

Supratentorial rumors

A

More common in adults

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2
Q

Dura Between the two hemispheres of cerebellum

A

Falx cerebelli

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3
Q

Supratentorial lesion can cause which vein to be compromised and impede venous outflow of blood from brain and or cause hemorrhage

A

Great cerebral vein of Galen

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4
Q

What veins converge at the confluence of sinuses?

A
  1. Superior sagittal
  2. Straight sinus
  3. Two transverse sinuses.
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5
Q

Two functions of venous sinus

A
  1. Venous drainage of blood from brain

2. Return of CSF to general systemic circulation.

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6
Q

Contents of subarachnoid space include

A
  1. Trabeculae
  2. CSF
  3. Blood vessels
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7
Q

Enlarged subarachinoid spaces where pools of CSF form

A

Cistern

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8
Q

CSF is found in three places

A
  1. Subarachinoid space
  2. Cisterns
  3. Ventricles (lateral and 4th)
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9
Q

Space in which vessels entering the brain lie in. It is made up of pia and subarachinoid space

A

Virchow-robin space

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10
Q

Meninges that covers brain cortex, internal ventricles and choroid plexus

A

Pia

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11
Q

Choroid plexus are made up of what type of cell?

A

Ependymal/ cuboidal epithelium cells

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12
Q

Normally CSF is clear and colorless with the following characteristics

A

Protein ~ 15-45mg/100ml
Glucose ~ 2/3rd blood glucose level; non-diabetic ~40-80mg/100ml
Cells 0-5 mononuclear lymphocytes per mm^3
Pressure ~ 50-150 mm water
Volume ~ 125-175 mls

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13
Q

Flow of CSF a in brain

A
  1. Lateral ventricle 1
  2. Septum pellucidum, inter ventricular foramen of Monroe
  3. Lateral ventricle 2
  4. 3rd ventricle
  5. Aqueduct of Sylvius
  6. 4th ventricle
  7. Foramina of luschka
  8. And Foramen of megendie
  9. Subarachinoid space
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14
Q

CPP = ICP - MABP

A

As ICP increases, CPP decreases

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15
Q

Herniation of the cingulate gyrus under the fall cerebri

A

Subfalcine shifts

16
Q

Medial part of the temporal lobe

A

Uncus

17
Q

Symptoms of uncal/transtentorial herniation

A
  1. Decreased level of consciousness
  2. Dilation of the pupil on the side of the herniation
  3. Fixed pupil on the side of the herniation
18
Q

Symptoms of tonsillar/transforamina herniation

A
  1. Unconscious or rapidly decreasing level of consciousness

2. Abnormalities in heart rate and breathing

19
Q

Aneurysm of arteries in subarachinoid space ex berry aneurysm

A

Subarachinoid hemorrhage

*90% in anterior part of artery

20
Q

Cardinal Symptoms of subarachinoid hemorrhage

A
  1. Sudden onset of sever headache (usually during exertion)
  2. Nuchal rigidity (stiff neck)
  3. Altered level of consciousness

*on CT crab of death

21
Q

Most life-threatening head fracture occurs

A

Base of skull

*can cause leakage of CSF from nose or ears

22
Q

Epidural hematoma

A 
Lens shaped hematoma on CT
Tear of dura from bone
Fracture to pterion side of skull
Tear middle meningeal artery
Most commonly affects area 4 of brain
23
Q

Symptoms of epidural hematoma

A
  1. Initial concussion
  2. lucidity
  3. Unconsciousness
24
Q

Subdural hematoma

A
  1. Bleeding of bridging veins between the dura and arachnoid space
  2. Crescent shape hematoma on CT/MRI
  3. Occurs from anterior-posterior displacement of brain
  4. Common in elderly
25
Q

Bruise of the surface of the brain

A

Contusion

26
Q

Concussion also known as

A

Mild traumatic brain injury

Linked to development of Alzheimer’s and ALS

27
Q

Head trauma caused by repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), prevalent among professional athletes

A

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy

28
Q

Blockage of fluid flow from ventricles to subarachnoid space

A

Non-communicating or obstructive hydrocephalus

29
Q

Hydrocephalus caused by increased production or reduced absorption of CSF

A

Communicating/non-obstructive hydrocephalus

*this can be a potentially life threatening secular to meningitis

30
Q

Symptoms of meningitis/lepomeningitis

A
  1. Lethargy
  2. Nuchal rigidity
  3. Severe headache
  4. Fever
  5. Increased Sensitivity to light and sound
  6. Muscle twitching
  7. Vomiting
  • complication - formation of dense adhesions between pia and arachnoid - communicating hydrocephalus
31
Q

Swelling of the brain is called

A

Encephalitis

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