Integumentary System

Question 0

What part of hair structure contains a vascularized papilla of loose connective tissue for nourishing stem cells of the hair matrix layer

Answer 0

Hair papilla

Question 1

Graying of hair due to loss of what enzyme?

Answer 1

Tryosinase which produces hair color

Question 2

Hair bulb contains two types of cells namely

Answer 2

Melanocytes and keratinocytes

Question 3

Increase in the length of hair shaft is done by?

Answer 3

Internal root sheath layer of hair bulb

Question 4

The hair shaft has three layers namely?

Answer 4

Cuticle - dead overlapping cells
Cortex - keratinization portion of hair with melanosomes
Medulla - found only in thick hair (terminal hair)

Question 5

The Growing phase of hair, where 85% of hair stays between 2-5 years is called

Answer 5

Anagen

**Hair Growth Cycle Mnemonic: ACT

Question 6

Involuting phase of hair growth cycle that lasts 3-6 weeks is called

Answer 6

Catagen

**Hair Growth Cycle Mnemonic: ACT

Question 7

Resting phase of hair growth, where 15% of hair rests for 3-5 months is called

Answer 7

Telogen

**Hair Growth Cycle Mnemonic: ACT

Question 8

What region of eccrine sweat glands have stratified cuboidal epithelium cells and appears dark stained

Answer 8

Sweat Duct region/ excretory region

• *Forms interpapillary peg in papillary layer
• *Clue: D - dark, D - duct

Question 9

What region of the eccrine sweat gland has simple to stratified cuboidal epithelium and stains light

Answer 9

Secretory region

**Can be surrounded by myoepithelial cells

Question 10

Fingernail is made up of what in the stratum corneum? And what is the name of the nail region that produces it?

Answer 10

Hard keratin, produced in nail matrix, contains cuticle, nail plate and nail bed.

** Nail cuticle _ eponychium (softer keratin)
Hyponychium- front side

Question 11

Pilosebaceous unit is made up of

Answer 11

Hair follicle (shaft, bulb & papilla), sebaceous gland and arrector pili muscle

Question 12

Terminal hair is found in three places namely

Answer 12

Scalp, axilla, pubic area

Question 13

Thin silky hair all over the body is called?

Answer 13

Vellus hair

Question 14

Merkel cells are found only in what type of skin?

Answer 14

Basal layer of Thick skin

**Clue: merKel, thicK skin

Question 15

Melanocytes are found in what type of skin

Answer 15

Basal layer of ThiN skin

**Clue: MelaNocytes

Question 16

Langerhans cells are found in all types and layers of what type of skin cells

Answer 16

Non-keratinizing stratified epithelium

Question 17

Hemidesmosomes in basal layer of skin act to:

Answer 17

Connect cells to basement membrane

Question 18

Desmosomes found in spinosum layer act to:

Answer 18

Resist distortion
Connect to tonofilaments
Hold cell cytoplasm together

Question 19

All cell layers have keratinocytes but in different states namely:

Answer 19

1. Basal layer - stem cells
2. Spinosum - producing tonofilaments and lamellar bodies
3. Granule sum - flattened (squamous), accumulation of keratohyalin granules and lamellar granules released
4. Lucidum - dead flattened cells, no organelles, filled with keratin
5. Corneum - dead flattened cells called squames, filled with keratin and desquamation occurs

Question 20

Melanin is usually present in the spinosum layer and lost in which layer?

Answer 20

Granulosum

Question 21

There are two forms of Keratinocytes, namely:

Answer 21

Tonofilaments and keratohyalin granules

Question 22

Melanocytes produce melanin, describe the process

Answer 22

Tyrosine –> DOPA –> melanin via tyrosinase

Tyrosinase is made in the RER, sent to Golgi, hops on melanosome vesicles and is activated by UV