Neuroanatomy (revised) Flashcards
What 2 tissue types are present in the cerebrum?
Grey matter and white matter
What separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres?
Falx cerebri of the dura mater
What is grey matter?
Forms the surface of each cerebral hemisphere (known as the cerebral cortex), and is associated with processing and cognition.
What is white matter?
Forms the bulk of the deeper parts of the brain. It consists of glial cells and myelinated axons that connect the various grey matter areas.
The axons give it the white-ish colour.
What are sulci and gyri?
Externally, the cerebrum has a highly convoluted appearance, consisting of sulci (grooves or depressions) and gyri (ridges or elevations).
What is the corpus callosum?
Two cerebral hemispheres are connected by a white matter structure
What are the main sulci in the brain?
Central sulcus – groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes.
Lateral sulcus – groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
Lunate sulcus – groove located in the occipital cortex.
What are the main gyri in the brain?
Precentral gyrus – ridge directly anterior to central sulcus, location of primary motor cortex.
Postcentral gyrus – ridge directly posterior to central sulcus, location of primary somatosensory cortex.
Superior temporal gyrus – ridge located inferior to lateral sulcus, responsible for the reception and processing of sound.
What are the main 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Main functions of temporal lobe?
Memory and language – this includes hearing as it is the location of the primary auditory cortex.
What separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?
Tentorium cerebelli
Main function of occipital lobe?
The primary visual cortex (V1) is located within the occipital lobe and hence its cortical association area is responsible for vision.
3 main arterial branches to the cerebrum?
Anterior Cerebral Arteries – branches of internal carotid arteries, supplying the anteromedial aspect of the cerebrum.
Middle Cerebral Arteries – continuation of internal carotid arteries, supplying most of the lateral portions of the cerebrum.
Posterior Cerebral Arteries – branches of the basilar arteries, supplying both the medial and lateral sides of the cerebrum posteriorly.
Cerebrovascular accident (frontal lobe) presentation?
A diverse range of presentations, often personality and behavioural changes occur and an inability to solve problems develops.
Cerebrovascular accident (parietal lobe) presentation?
Typically presents with attention deficits e.g. contralateral hemispatial neglect syndrome: where the patient does not pay attention to the side of the body opposite to the lesion.
