Cerebral haemorrhage types (revised) Flashcards
What shape do subdural haemorrhages usually appear on CT scan?
suBdural
B=banana shaped/crescent shaped
Where is a subdural haemorrhage located?
Blood collection between the dura and arachnoid mater
What is the underlying cause of the subdural haemorrhage?
Tear in bridging veins
Who is most prone to subdural haemorrhage?
Alcoholics and the elderly
What is the appearance of an epidural haemorrhage on CT scan?
Biconvex (lemon shaped)
Where is a epidural haemorrhage located?
Between the dura mater and the skull
Most common cause of epidural haemorrhage?
Rupture of the middle meningeal artery running underneath the pterion of the skull.
Pterion is the weakest part of the skull
Who does epidural haemorrhages most commonly occur in?
Adolescents and young adults (mainly as a result of trauma)
Where does a subarachnoid haemorrhage occur?
Blood in the circle of willis, cisterns and fissures
What is the most common cause of a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Rupture of a berry aneurysm most commonly in the anterior circulation
A saccular (or berry) aneurysm is the most common type of cerebral aneurysm. It forms as a sac of blood attached to an artery. It looks like a round berry attached to the artery.
What is a big risk factor for a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Polycystic kidney disease
Where does intracerebral haemorrhage usually occur?
Blood in the parenchyma and ventricle of the brain
What is a surgical treatment for subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Endovascular coiling - main aim of treatment is to repair vessel and prevent re-bleeding.
What is an alternative to endovascular coiling for Subarachnoid haemorrhage?
Neurosurgical clipping, which involves cranial surgery and putting a clip on the aneurysm to seal it.
What is the mainstay treatment for subdural haemorrhage?
Burr hole surgery (small holes drilled in the skull to drain the blood)
