Neuroanatomy review 2 Flashcards
Name the different types of focal cerebral lesions that can arise
- Vascular
- Tumours
- Abscess
- Hydrocephalus
What can vascular lesions lead to
Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)
Stroke
What is a stroke
A neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting more than 24 hours
what can a stroke be due tO
Infarction or haemorrhage
Name the most common focal cerebral lesion
Vascular
Name the 2 main arteries that supply the brain
Vertebral artery
Internal carotid artery
Name soem of the branches of the vertebral artery
- Posterior inferior cerebella artery
2. Basilar artery
What does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply
The posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum
What do the vertebral arteries form
They fuse in the midline of the brain to form the basilar artery
Where is the basilar artery found
In the ventral aspect of the pons
What does the basilar artery supply
The pons
What does the basilar artery split into
- Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
- Superior cerebellar artery
- Posterior cerebral artery
What does the Anterior inferior cerebella artery supply
Anterior inferior portion of the cerebellum
What does the superior cerebella artery supply
The superior aspect cerebellum
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List the branches fo the internal carotid artery
- Middle cerebral artery
2. Anterior cerebral artery
What connects the posterior cerebral arteries and the internal carotid arteries
Posterior communicating arteries
What connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries
Anterior communicating arteries
What do the arteries supplying the brain form
A circle of willis
Which arteries are involved int eh circle of willis
- Anterior cerebral artery
- Middle cerebral artery
- Internal carotid artery
- Posterior communicating artery
- Posterior cerebella artery
- Basilar artery
- Anterior communicating artery
Why is the circle of willis important
It works as collateral in case there is a blockage in any of the arteries
What does the anterior cerebral artery supply
- Superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal lobes
2. Corpus callosum
What does the middle cerebral artery supply
Lateral areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobed
What does the posterior cerebral artery supply
- Occipital lobes
- Inferior and medial surfaces of the temporal lobes
- Inferior aspects of the cerebral hemisphere
Name some other branches off the arterial circle
- Striate arteries
2. Deep perforating arteries
Describe striate arteries
Delicate arteries
What do deep perforating arteries supply
- Deep nuclei
- Deep grey matter
- Internal capsule
- Major descending motor pathway
What is the internal capsule made up of
Major fibre bundles to and from the cerebral cortex
Name the different meninges layers from outer to inner most
- Dura mater
- Arachnoid mater
- Pia Mater
Describe the dura mater
Tough fibrous protective layer
Describe the Arachnoid mater
Thin delicate layer almost spider web like and very vascular
What is found under the Arachnoid mater
The cerebral arteries and Cerebrospinal fluid (the subarachnoid space)
Describe the Pia mater
Microscopically thin
It follows the gyri and sulci so is impossible to separate from brain
What can happen if an artery or vein is damaged
Can lead to haemorrhage in the meninges layers
Give examples of haemorrhages that can happen in the meninges
- Epidural haemorrhage
- Subdural haemorrhage
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage
What is an epidural haemorrhage caused by
Torn meningeal artery
Whta is a subdural haemorrhage caused by
Torn bridging veins
What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by
Torn cerebral artery
