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4th yr- CMS- Neuroanatomy > Neuroanatomy review 2 > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy review 2 Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Name the different types of focal cerebral lesions that can arise

A
  1. Vascular
  2. Tumours
  3. Abscess
  4. Hydrocephalus
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2
Q

What can vascular lesions lead to

A

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA)

Stroke

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3
Q

What is a stroke

A

A neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting more than 24 hours

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4
Q

what can a stroke be due tO

A

Infarction or haemorrhage

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5
Q

Name the most common focal cerebral lesion

A

Vascular

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6
Q

Name the 2 main arteries that supply the brain

A

Vertebral artery

Internal carotid artery

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7
Q

Name soem of the branches of the vertebral artery

A
  1. Posterior inferior cerebella artery

2. Basilar artery

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8
Q

What does the Posterior inferior cerebellar artery supply

A

The posterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

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9
Q

What do the vertebral arteries form

A

They fuse in the midline of the brain to form the basilar artery

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10
Q

Where is the basilar artery found

A

In the ventral aspect of the pons

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11
Q

What does the basilar artery supply

A

The pons

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12
Q

What does the basilar artery split into

A
  1. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  2. Superior cerebellar artery
  3. Posterior cerebral artery
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13
Q

What does the Anterior inferior cerebella artery supply

A

Anterior inferior portion of the cerebellum

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14
Q

What does the superior cerebella artery supply

A

The superior aspect cerebellum

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15
Q

na

A

na

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16
Q

List the branches fo the internal carotid artery

A
  1. Middle cerebral artery

2. Anterior cerebral artery

17
Q

What connects the posterior cerebral arteries and the internal carotid arteries

A

Posterior communicating arteries

18
Q

What connects the 2 anterior cerebral arteries

A

Anterior communicating arteries

19
Q

What do the arteries supplying the brain form

A

A circle of willis

20
Q

Which arteries are involved int eh circle of willis

A
  1. Anterior cerebral artery
  2. Middle cerebral artery
  3. Internal carotid artery
  4. Posterior communicating artery
  5. Posterior cerebella artery
  6. Basilar artery
  7. Anterior communicating artery
21
Q

Why is the circle of willis important

A

It works as collateral in case there is a blockage in any of the arteries

22
Q

What does the anterior cerebral artery supply

A
  1. Superior and medial areas of frontal and parietal lobes

2. Corpus callosum

23
Q

What does the middle cerebral artery supply

A

Lateral areas of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobed

24
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply

A
  1. Occipital lobes
  2. Inferior and medial surfaces of the temporal lobes
  3. Inferior aspects of the cerebral hemisphere
25
Q

Name some other branches off the arterial circle

A
  1. Striate arteries

2. Deep perforating arteries

26
Q

Describe striate arteries

A

Delicate arteries

27
Q

What do deep perforating arteries supply

A
  1. Deep nuclei
  2. Deep grey matter
  3. Internal capsule
  4. Major descending motor pathway
28
Q

What is the internal capsule made up of

A

Major fibre bundles to and from the cerebral cortex

29
Q

Name the different meninges layers from outer to inner most

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachnoid mater
  3. Pia Mater
30
Q

Describe the dura mater

A

Tough fibrous protective layer

31
Q

Describe the Arachnoid mater

A

Thin delicate layer almost spider web like and very vascular

32
Q

What is found under the Arachnoid mater

A

The cerebral arteries and Cerebrospinal fluid (the subarachnoid space)

33
Q

Describe the Pia mater

A

Microscopically thin

It follows the gyri and sulci so is impossible to separate from brain

34
Q

What can happen if an artery or vein is damaged

A

Can lead to haemorrhage in the meninges layers

35
Q

Give examples of haemorrhages that can happen in the meninges

A
  1. Epidural haemorrhage
  2. Subdural haemorrhage
  3. Subarachnoid haemorrhage
36
Q

What is an epidural haemorrhage caused by

A

Torn meningeal artery

37
Q

Whta is a subdural haemorrhage caused by

A

Torn bridging veins

38
Q

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage caused by

A

Torn cerebral artery

4th yr- CMS- Neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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