Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What is a neurone
The most basic functional unit of the nervous system
Where are neurones found
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Peripheries
What is the nervous system split into
- Central
2. Peripheral
What is the central nervous system made up of
The brain and spinal cord
What is the peripheral nervous system made up of
- Somatic
2. Autonomic
What does the somatic nervous system do
Controls external actions of skin and muscles
What doe sth autonomic nervous system do
Controls internal activities of organs and glands
What is the autonomic peripheral nervous system split into
- Sympathetic
2. Parasympathetic
What is the sympathetic nervous system also described as
Fight or flight
What is the parasympathetic nervous system also described as
Rest and digest
Name to 2 types of matter found in the brain and spinal cord
White
Grey
What is grey matter made up of
Nerve cell bodies
What is white matter made up of
Nerve axons
What other words do we sometimes use to describe grey matter
Nuclei (CNS)
Ganglia
Give examples of words we can use to describe a group of nerve axons
Fascles
Lemincus
Pathway
Tract
What is a gyrus
Fold
What is a sulcus in the brain
Groove h
What can be found in the gyri
Grey matter
Name the different parts of the brain
- Cerebral hemisphere
- Cerebellum
- The brain stem
- Thalamus
- Hypothalamus
- Corpus callous
What is the role of the cerebellum
Co ordinates movement and plays a role in balance
What is the brain stem made up of
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
What is the role of the thalamus
It an important relay station where sensory information is received from the body and the thalamus decides where the information goes
What is the role of the hypothalamus
Plays a role in maintaining autonomic function (homeostasis)
Describe the corpus callosum
It is an area of white matter fibres that connects the left and right hemisphere
When looking at an inferior view of the brain what can we see
12 pairs of cranial nerves
What so the cranial nerves do
They supply the head and neck region
What makes cranial nerve 1 and 2 different to the other cranial nerves
They are extensions of the forebrain whereas 3-12 are extension of the brainstem
Name cranial nerve V
Trigeminal nerve
Where does the trigeminal nerve arise from
The pons
What system is present in the brain and what does this system describe
The ventricular system which describes spaces found in the brain
Name the different ventricles found In the brain
- Lateral ventricle
- Third ventricle
- Fourth ventricle
Where is the lateral ventricle found
In both hemispheres
Where is the third ventricle found
Between the thalamus in each hemisphere
Where is the 4th ventricle found
In the brainstem (posterior to the brainstem and anterior to the cerebellum)
Why is the ventricular system so important
As it is where production and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid happens
What is the cerebrospinal fluid
It is a specialised fluid that bathes the structures of the central nervous system
What does the Cerebrospinal fluid act as
- Shock absorber
- adds buoyancy to the spinal cord and brain
- Acts as a medium to remove case products
What is the 4th ventricle continuous with
The central canal of the spinal cord
How many spinal cord segments are there?
31
What is the spinal cord split into
- 8 Cervical
- 12 Thoracic
- 5 Lumbar
- 5 Sacral
- 1 Coccygeal
How many cervical spinal cord segments are there?
8
C1-C8
How many Thoracic spinal cord segments are there?
12
T1-T12
How many Lumbar spinal cord segments are there?
5
L1-L5
How many Sacral spinal cord segments are there?
5
S1-S5
How many Coccygeal spinal cord segments are there?
1
Co1
What is the spinal cord protected by
The vertebrae of the body
What does each spinal cord segment give rise to
1 pair of spinal nerves
How many spinal nerves do we have in total
62 (31 pairs)
What is the spinal nerves system called
Peripheral nervous system