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4th yr- CMS- Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

List the cranial nerves

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Oculomotor
Troclear 
Trigeminal
Abducens 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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2
Q

Where do almost all the cranial nerves originate from

A

Brainstem apart from I and II

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3
Q

How many cranial nerves do we have

A

12 Pairs

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4
Q

What makes up the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongta

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5
Q

Where do cranial nerves I and II originate from

A

The brain itself

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6
Q

What makes cranial nerve I and II special

A
  1. They originate from the brain not the brain stem

2. They are both part of the CNS rather than being a peripheral nerve

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7
Q

What is the nervous system split into

A
  1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

What is the cranial nervous system split into

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal cord

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9
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of

A
  1. Somatic

2. Autonomic

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10
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system split into

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

What are afferent fibres

A

Sensory fibres that carry information to the brain from the body

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12
Q

What are efferent fibres

A

Motor fibres that carry information from the brain to the rest of the body

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13
Q

What is another term used to describe the autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral nervous system

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14
Q

Describe first order sensory neurones

A

They enter the brain stem and synapse on to the second order neurones

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15
Q

Where are second order neurones found

A

In the cranial nerve sensory nuclei

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16
Q

Describe the journey second order sensory neurones take

A

They decussate and pass to the thalamus where they synapse with tertiary neurones

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17
Q

Describe the journey tertiary neurones take

A

They pass to the cortex where the signals they carry are interpreted

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18
Q

Signals received from the right hand first order neurone end up where

A

On the left hand medulla

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19
Q

How many sensory neurone do we have in a pathway?

A

3 first, secondary and tertiary order

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20
Q

How many neurones do we have in motor neurone pathway

A

2

Upper and lower

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21
Q

Describe the pathway upper motor neurones take

A

They run from the motor areas of the cortex to motor nuclei in the brainstem via the Corticobular tract

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22
Q

Where do upper motor neurones run from and via what

A

From the motor areas of the Corte and travel via the cortiocspinal tract

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23
Q

What happens to motor neurones at the corticospinal tract

A

The fibres decussate in the medulla and synapse on to the lower motor neurones

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24
Q

What do we mean by decussate

A

Swap side eg left to right

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25
Q

What parts of the body innervate the autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral components such as internal organs like circulatory and digestive system

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26
Q

What part of the body innervate the somatic nervous system

A

Non visceral components generally voluntary control

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27
Q

Name the different somatic fibre types

A
  1. General somatic afferents (GSAs)
  2. General somatic efferents (GSE)
  3. Special somatic afferents (SSA)
  4. Special somatic efferents (SSE) don’t need to know
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28
Q

What do general somatic afferent fibres pick up

A
  1. Touch
  2. Temperature
  3. Proprioception
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29
Q

What do general somatic efferent fibres innervate

A

What do general somatic afferent fibres pick up Skeletal muscles

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30
Q

What do Special somatic afferent fibres pick up

A
  1. Vision
  2. Balance
  3. Hearing
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31
Q

Where are general somatic efferents and afferents found

A

In both cranial and spinal nerves

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32
Q

Where are special somatic afferent fibres found

A

in cranial nerves only

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33
Q

What do general somatic afferent fibres do

A

They carry general sensations from cutaneous structures and mucous membranes of the head and general proprioception from somatic structures such as muscles of the head and neck

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34
Q

In which cranial nerves are general somatic afferents found

A

V
VII
IX
X

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35
Q

Name cranial nerve V

A

Trigeminal

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36
Q

Name cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

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37
Q

Name cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

38
Q

Name cranial nerve X

A

Vagus

39
Q

What do general somatic efferent fibres do

A

They provide motor innervation to skeletal muscles derived from embryonic somites
Tehy control extra-ocular muscles and the tongue

40
Q

In which cranial nerves are general somatic efferent fibres found

A

III
IV
VI
XII

41
Q

Name cranial nerve III

A

Oculomotor

42
Q

Name cranial nerve IV

A

Trochlear

43
Q

Name cranial nerve VI

A

Abducens

44
Q

Name cranial nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

45
Q

What do special somatic afferent fibres do

A

They carry special sensory input from the eye for vision and from the ear for equilibrium and hearing

46
Q

In which cranial nerves are special somatic afferent fibres found

A

II

VIII

47
Q

Name cranial nerve II

A

Optic

48
Q

Name cranial nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

49
Q

Name different visceral fibre types

A
  1. General visceral afferents
  2. General visceral efferents
  3. Special visceral afferents
  4. Special visceral efferents
50
Q

What do general visceral afferent fibres pick up

A

Stretch

Chemical composition of viscera

51
Q

What do general visceral efferent fibres pick up

A

Carry information back to Skeletal muscles and Glands

52
Q

What makes general visceral efferents unique

A

They are parasympathetic fibres only

53
Q

What do Special visceral afferents pick up

A

Smell and taste

54
Q

What do Special visceral efferents pick up

A

Carry information back to skeletal muscles from the pharyngeal arches

55
Q

Where are our general visceral afferent and efferent fibres found

A

In both cranial and spinal nerves

56
Q

Where are our special visceral afferent and efferent fibres found

A

Found in cranial nerves only

57
Q

What do general visceral afferent fibres do

A

They are autonomic fibres that carry general sensations from the viscera relating to stretch and chemical compositions from the viscera

58
Q

In which cranial nerves are general visceral afferents found

A

VII
IX
X

59
Q

Name cranial nerve VII

A

Facial

60
Q

Name cranial nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

61
Q

Name cranial nerve X

A

Vagus

62
Q

What do general visceral efferent fibres do

A

They provide motor parasympathetic innervation to the viscera such as smooth muscles and glands

63
Q

In which cranial nerves are general visceral afferents found

A

III
VII
IX
X

64
Q

Name cranial nerve III

A

Occulamotor

65
Q

What do special visceral afferent fibres do

A

They are special sensory fibres from the viscera that convert special sense of smell through the olfactory nerve and special send of taste by the facial

66
Q

Which crane nerve are special visceral afferents found in

A

I
VII
IX
X

67
Q

Name cranial nerve i

A

Olfactory

68
Q

What can special visceral efferent fibres also be called

A

Branchiomotor fibres

69
Q

Why are special visceral efferent fibres also known as Branchiomotor fibres

A

As they originate from eh pharyngeal arches which were previously called branchial arches

70
Q

What do special visceral efferent fibres do

A

They supply voluntary skeletal muscles that are derived from pharyngeal arch

71
Q

Give examples of muscles derived from eh pharyngeal arches

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Muscles of mastication Muscles of facial expression

72
Q

Which crane nerve are special visceral Efferents found in

A

V
VII
IX
X

73
Q

Which fibres are found in the trigeminal nerve

A
  1. General somatic afferent fibres

2. Special visceral efferent fibres

74
Q

What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the trigeminal nerves

A
  1. Facial skin
  2. Scalp
  3. Orbit
  4. Nasal cavity
  5. Oral cavity
  6. Anterior 2/3 tongue
  7. Nasopharynx
75
Q

What do Special visceral efferent fibres supply in the trigeminal nerves

A
  1. Muscles of mastication
  2. Mylohyoid Anterior belly
  3. Digastric muscle
76
Q

Which fibres are found in the Facial nerve

A
  1. General somatic afferent fibres
  2. Special visceral afferent fibres
  3. General visceral efferent fibres
  4. Special visceral efferent fibres
77
Q

What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves

A
  1. Region external auditory meatus

2. Tympanic membrane

78
Q

What do Special visceral afferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves

A

TASTE

79
Q

What do general visceral efferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves

A
  1. Salivation by submandibular, sublingual and Minto salivary glands
  2. Lacrimation
    (all parasympathetic)
80
Q

What do special visceral efferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves

A
  1. Muscles of facial expression

2. Poster belly of digastric

81
Q

Which fibres are found in the glossopharyngeal nerve

A
  1. General somatic afferent fibres
  2. General visceral afferent fibres
  3. Special visceral afferent fibres
  4. General visceral efferent fibres
  5. Special visceral efferent
82
Q

What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves

A
  1. Posterior 1/3 tongue

2. . Oropharynx

83
Q

What do general visceral afferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves

A

Baro and chemo receptors

84
Q

What do special visceral afferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves

A

Posterior 1/3 to provide taste

85
Q

What do general visceral efferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves

A

Salivation via parotid

Only parasympathetic

86
Q

What do special visceral efferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves

A

One muscle of the pharynx

87
Q

Which fibres are found in the vagus nerve

A
  1. General somatic afferent fibres
  2. General visceral afferent fibres
  3. Special visceral afferent fibres
  4. General visceral efferent fibres
  5. Special visceral efferent
88
Q

What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves

A

Skin around and in external acoustic meatus

Dura

89
Q

What do general visceral afferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves

A

Pharynx
larynx
chemo and bare receptors
Thoracic and abdominal viscera

90
Q

What do special visceral afferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves

A

Taste

91
Q

What do general visceral efferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves

A

Mainly to organs of the throat and abdomen

92
Q

What do special visceral efferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves

A

All muscles of the larynx

Most muscles of the pharynx

4th yr- CMS- Neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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