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4th yr- CMS- Neuroanatomy > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

List the cranial nerves

A 
Olfactory 
Optic 
Oculomotor
Troclear 
Trigeminal
Abducens 
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear 
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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2
Q

Where do almost all the cranial nerves originate from

A

Brainstem apart from I and II

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3
Q

How many cranial nerves do we have

A

12 Pairs

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4
Q

What makes up the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongta

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5
Q

Where do cranial nerves I and II originate from

A

The brain itself

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6
Q

What makes cranial nerve I and II special

A
  1. They originate from the brain not the brain stem

2. They are both part of the CNS rather than being a peripheral nerve

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7
Q

What is the nervous system split into

A
  1. Central nervous system

2. Peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

What is the cranial nervous system split into

A
  1. Brain

2. Spinal cord

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9
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system made up of

A
  1. Somatic

2. Autonomic

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10
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system split into

A
  1. Sympathetic nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

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11
Q

What are afferent fibres

A

Sensory fibres that carry information to the brain from the body

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12
Q

What are efferent fibres

A

Motor fibres that carry information from the brain to the rest of the body

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13
Q

What is another term used to describe the autonomic nervous system

A

Visceral nervous system

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14
Q

Describe first order sensory neurones

A

They enter the brain stem and synapse on to the second order neurones

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15
Q

Where are second order neurones found

A

In the cranial nerve sensory nuclei

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16
Q

Describe the journey second order sensory neurones take

A

They decussate and pass to the thalamus where they synapse with tertiary neurones

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17
Q

Describe the journey tertiary neurones take

A

They pass to the cortex where the signals they carry are interpreted

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18
Q

Signals received from the right hand first order neurone end up where

A

On the left hand medulla

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19
Q

How many sensory neurone do we have in a pathway?

A

3 first, secondary and tertiary order

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20
Q

How many neurones do we have in motor neurone pathway

A

2

Upper and lower

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21
Q

Describe the pathway upper motor neurones take

A

They run from the motor areas of the cortex to motor nuclei in the brainstem via the Corticobular tract

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22
Q

Where do upper motor neurones run from and via what

A

From the motor areas of the Corte and travel via the cortiocspinal tract

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23
Q

What happens to motor neurones at the corticospinal tract

A

The fibres decussate in the medulla and synapse on to the lower motor neurones

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24
Q

What do we mean by decussate

A

Swap side eg left to right

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25
What parts of the body innervate the autonomic nervous system
Visceral components such as internal organs like circulatory and digestive system
26
What part of the body innervate the somatic nervous system
Non visceral components generally voluntary control
27
Name the different somatic fibre types
1. General somatic afferents (GSAs) 2. General somatic efferents (GSE) 3. Special somatic afferents (SSA) 4. Special somatic efferents (SSE) don't need to know
28
What do general somatic afferent fibres pick up
1. Touch 2. Temperature 3. Proprioception
29
What do general somatic efferent fibres innervate
What do general somatic afferent fibres pick up Skeletal muscles
30
What do Special somatic afferent fibres pick up
1. Vision 2. Balance 3. Hearing
31
Where are general somatic efferents and afferents found
In both cranial and spinal nerves
32
Where are special somatic afferent fibres found
in cranial nerves only
33
What do general somatic afferent fibres do
They carry general sensations from cutaneous structures and mucous membranes of the head and general proprioception from somatic structures such as muscles of the head and neck
34
In which cranial nerves are general somatic afferents found
V VII IX X
35
Name cranial nerve V
Trigeminal
36
Name cranial nerve VII
Facial
37
Name cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal
38
Name cranial nerve X
Vagus
39
What do general somatic efferent fibres do
They provide motor innervation to skeletal muscles derived from embryonic somites Tehy control extra-ocular muscles and the tongue
40
In which cranial nerves are general somatic efferent fibres found
III IV VI XII
41
Name cranial nerve III
Oculomotor
42
Name cranial nerve IV
Trochlear
43
Name cranial nerve VI
Abducens
44
Name cranial nerve XII
Hypoglossal
45
What do special somatic afferent fibres do
They carry special sensory input from the eye for vision and from the ear for equilibrium and hearing
46
In which cranial nerves are special somatic afferent fibres found
II | VIII
47
Name cranial nerve II
Optic
48
Name cranial nerve VIII
Vestibulocochlear
49
Name different visceral fibre types
1. General visceral afferents 2. General visceral efferents 3. Special visceral afferents 4. Special visceral efferents
50
What do general visceral afferent fibres pick up
Stretch | Chemical composition of viscera
51
What do general visceral efferent fibres pick up
Carry information back to Skeletal muscles and Glands
52
What makes general visceral efferents unique
They are parasympathetic fibres only
53
What do Special visceral afferents pick up
Smell and taste
54
What do Special visceral efferents pick up
Carry information back to skeletal muscles from the pharyngeal arches
55
Where are our general visceral afferent and efferent fibres found
In both cranial and spinal nerves
56
Where are our special visceral afferent and efferent fibres found
Found in cranial nerves only
57
What do general visceral afferent fibres do
They are autonomic fibres that carry general sensations from the viscera relating to stretch and chemical compositions from the viscera
58
In which cranial nerves are general visceral afferents found
VII IX X
59
Name cranial nerve VII
Facial
60
Name cranial nerve IX
Glossopharyngeal
61
Name cranial nerve X
Vagus
62
What do general visceral efferent fibres do
They provide motor parasympathetic innervation to the viscera such as smooth muscles and glands
63
In which cranial nerves are general visceral afferents found
III VII IX X
64
Name cranial nerve III
Occulamotor
65
What do special visceral afferent fibres do
They are special sensory fibres from the viscera that convert special sense of smell through the olfactory nerve and special send of taste by the facial
66
Which crane nerve are special visceral afferents found in
I VII IX X
67
Name cranial nerve i
Olfactory
68
What can special visceral efferent fibres also be called
Branchiomotor fibres
69
Why are special visceral efferent fibres also known as Branchiomotor fibres
As they originate from eh pharyngeal arches which were previously called branchial arches
70
What do special visceral efferent fibres do
They supply voluntary skeletal muscles that are derived from pharyngeal arch
71
Give examples of muscles derived from eh pharyngeal arches
Pharynx Larynx Muscles of mastication Muscles of facial expression
72
Which crane nerve are special visceral Efferents found in
V VII IX X
73
Which fibres are found in the trigeminal nerve
1. General somatic afferent fibres | 2. Special visceral efferent fibres
74
What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the trigeminal nerves
1. Facial skin 2. Scalp 3. Orbit 4. Nasal cavity 5. Oral cavity 6. Anterior 2/3 tongue 7. Nasopharynx
75
What do Special visceral efferent fibres supply in the trigeminal nerves
1. Muscles of mastication 2. Mylohyoid Anterior belly 3. Digastric muscle
76
Which fibres are found in the Facial nerve
1. General somatic afferent fibres 2. Special visceral afferent fibres 3. General visceral efferent fibres 4. Special visceral efferent fibres
77
What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves
1. Region external auditory meatus | 2. Tympanic membrane
78
What do Special visceral afferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves
TASTE
79
What do general visceral efferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves
1. Salivation by submandibular, sublingual and Minto salivary glands 2. Lacrimation (all parasympathetic)
80
What do special visceral efferent fibres supply in the Facial nerves
1. Muscles of facial expression | 2. Poster belly of digastric
81
Which fibres are found in the glossopharyngeal nerve
1. General somatic afferent fibres 2. General visceral afferent fibres 3. Special visceral afferent fibres 4. General visceral efferent fibres 5. Special visceral efferent
82
What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves
1. Posterior 1/3 tongue | 2. . Oropharynx
83
What do general visceral afferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves
Baro and chemo receptors
84
What do special visceral afferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves
Posterior 1/3 to provide taste
85
What do general visceral efferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves
Salivation via parotid | Only parasympathetic
86
What do special visceral efferent fibres supply in the glossopharyngeal nerves
One muscle of the pharynx
87
Which fibres are found in the vagus nerve
1. General somatic afferent fibres 2. General visceral afferent fibres 3. Special visceral afferent fibres 4. General visceral efferent fibres 5. Special visceral efferent
88
What do general somatic afferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves
Skin around and in external acoustic meatus | Dura
89
What do general visceral afferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves
Pharynx larynx chemo and bare receptors Thoracic and abdominal viscera
90
What do special visceral afferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves
Taste
91
What do general visceral efferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves
Mainly to organs of the throat and abdomen
92
What do special visceral efferent fibres supply in the vagus nerves
All muscles of the larynx | Most muscles of the pharynx

4th yr- CMS- Neuroanatomy (4 decks)

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