Neuroanatomy (pictures)

Question 1

Answer 1

mammillary bodies
- receives input from hippocampus and forms part of limbic system
- degenerates in thiamine deficiency

Question 2

Answer 2

internal capsule
- pyramidal tract runs through posterior limb
- main highway of input/output

Question 3

Answer 3

optic chiasm
- optic tracts cross over and continues as optic nerves

Question 4

Answer 4

optic tract
- synapse in the thalamus

Question 5

Answer 5

pons
- part of brain stem
- connects higher brain centers and spinal cord
- relays impulses between motor cortex and cerebellum
- origin of CN V, VI, VII

Question 6

Answer 6

cerebral peduncle

Question 7

Answer 7

cerebellum
- vermis controls axial/proximal musculature
- intermediate controls distal musculature
- lateral involved in motor planning
- flocculonodular involved in balance and eye movement

Question 8

Answer 8

pyramids
- part of the medulla oblongata

Question 9

Answer 9

medulla oblongata
- CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII are associated
- vestibular nuclear complex mediates responses that maintain equilibrium
- nucleus cuneatus and gracilis relay sensory info

Question 10

Answer 10

optic nerve (CN II)
- arises from the retinas
- passes through optic canals and converges at the optic chiasm
- sensory: visual

Question 11

Answer 11

olive
- relays sensory info from muscles and joints to cerebellum

Question 12

Answer 12

diencephalon
- contains thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
- pineal gland

Question 13

Answer 13

corpus callosum
- commissural fibers

Question 14

Answer 14

falx cerebri
- in the longitudinal fissure
- folds of dura mater

Question 15

Answer 15

midbrain
- contains corpora quadrigemina, superior and inferior colliculi

Question 16

Answer 16

pons

Question 17

Answer 17

medulla oblongata

Question 18

Answer 18

falx cerebelli

Question 19

Answer 19

cerebellum
- subconsciously provides precise timing and patterns of muscle contraction
- superior, middle, inferior cerebellar peduncles

Question 20

Answer 20

fourth ventricle

Question 21

Answer 21

thalamus
- major sensory relay for info to the cortex
- motor control areas synapse here
- several nuclei
- dorsomedial nucleus degenerates in thamine deficiency (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome)

Question 22

Answer 22

mammillary body

Question 23

Answer 23

pineal gland
- synthesizes melatonin, serotonin, cholecystokinin, and antigonadotropic function
- Parinaud syndrome (compression d/t pineal tumor) or precocious puberty

Question 24

Answer 24

corpora quadrigemina
- part of midbrain

Question 25

Answer 25

hypothalamus
- numerous nuclei
- connections to pituitary gland, autonomic system, limbic system
- autonomic control center, emotional response, body temp, food and water balance, sleep cycle, hormones for pituitary

Question 26

Answer 26

dorsal root

Question 27

Answer 27

dorsal root ganglia

Question 28

Answer 28

lateral ventricle

Question 29

Answer 29

third ventricle

Question 30

Answer 30

fourth ventricle

Question 31

Answer 31

interventricular foramen

Question 32

Answer 32

cerebral aqueduct

Question 33

Answer 33

caudate nucleus
- head, body, tail
- degeneration of head = Huntington’s

Question 34

Answer 34

insula

Question 35

Answer 35

superior sagittal sinus

Question 36

Answer 36

straight sinus

Question 37

Answer 37

posterior horn

Question 38

Answer 38

lateral horn
- sympathetic innervation pathway

Question 39

Answer 39

central canal

Question 40

Answer 40

gray comissure

Question 41

Answer 41

anterior funiculus

Question 42

Answer 42

lateral funiculus

Question 43

Answer 43

posterior funiculus

Question 44

Answer 44

ventral root

Question 45

Answer 45

dorsal root

Question 46

Answer 46

dorsal root ganglion

Question 47

Answer 47

spinal nerve