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(SALMA) Anatomy Handbook Questions > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

occlusion to which cerebral artery can result in homonymous hemianopia

A

posterior cerebral artery

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2
Q

which arteries supply the primary motor and sensory cortex

A

anterior and middle cerebral arteries

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3
Q

strokes of the anterior circulation will produce what type of weakness? sensory or motor?

A

motor bc

anterior and middle cerebral arteries supply motor cortex

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4
Q

which arteries supply the brainstem

A

basilar

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5
Q

what is Broca’s/Wernicke’s area supplied by in right handed ppl

A

left middle cerebral artery (anterior circulation)

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6
Q

what is CSF produced by

A

choroid plexus

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7
Q

where is the majority of choroid plexus located

A

walls of lateral ventricles (and roofs of 3rd/4th ventricles)

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8
Q

how does CSF drain into the subarachnoid space

A

lateral ventricles –> IV foramen –> 3rd ventricle –> cerebral aqueduct –> 4th ventricle –> lateral aperture/foramen of lushka –> subarachnoid space

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9
Q

how is CSF reabsorbed

A

by arachnoid villi in dural venous sinuses

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10
Q

what is the correct order of meningeal layer (int to ext)

A

Pia
Arachnoid
Dura

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11
Q

which lobe is the hippocampus in

A

temporal

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12
Q

which lobe is the amygdala in

A

temporal

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13
Q

why lobe is the primary motor cortex in

A

frontal

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14
Q

which lobe is the primary visual cortex in

A

occipital

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15
Q

which lobe is the primary somatosensory cortex in

A

parietal lobe

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16
Q

which love is the primary auditory cortex in

A

temporal lobe

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17
Q

which lobe is wernicke’s area in

A

parietal lobe

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18
Q

which lobe is Broca’s area in

A

frontal lobe

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19
Q

what are some likely causes of headaches

A
  • raised ICP

- visual disturbance

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20
Q

what is the blood supply of Broca’s area

A

left middle cerebral

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21
Q

what is the blood supply of the motor cortex of the arm

A

middle cerebral

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22
Q

what is the blood supply of the sensory cortex of the arm

A

middle cerebral

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23
Q

what is the blood supply of the auditory area

A

middle cerebral

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24
Q

what is the course of entry of the internal carotid artery into the skull

A
  • via carotid canal
  • travels horizontally through temporal bone
  • enters cranium through foramen lacerum
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25
Q

how does the optic nerve enter the cranium

A
  • enters through optic canal in lesser wing of spend bone
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26
Q

how does the facial nerve exit the cranium

A
  • through the internal acoustic meatus in temporal bone

- emerges from skull through stylomastoid foramina

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27
Q

how does the spinal cord pass through the occipital bone

A

through the foramen magnum

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28
Q

how does the oculomotor nerve enter the cranium

A
  • enters orbit via superior orbital fissure

- btwn greater and lesser wings of sphenoid bone

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29
Q

which arteries supply visual cortex

A

occipital bone

- posterior cerebral arteries

30
Q

what does the oculomotor nerve supply

A

all extra ocular muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus

31
Q

which direction would the eye be looking if oculomotor nerve is damaged

A

downwards and outwards

32
Q

how many extraocular muscles are there

A

6
- medial/lateral/inferior/superior rectus

  • inferior/superior oblique
33
Q

what action tests medial rectus

A

adduction

34
Q

what action tests lateral rectus

A

aduction

35
Q

what action tests superior rectus

A

elevation

36
Q

what action tests inferior rectus

A

depression

37
Q

which actions test superior oblique

A

adduction

depression

38
Q

which actions test inferior oblique

A

adduction and elevation

39
Q

what is the correct order of components when moving from the external to internal ear?

A

tympanic membrane –> malleus –> incus –> stapes –> oval winow

40
Q

where do the majority of descending fibres of corticospinal tract decussate

A

80% decussate in medulla

41
Q

where is the olfactory nuclei located

A

olfactory bulb

42
Q

where is the optic nuclei located

A

in the lateral geniculate body

43
Q

where are CN 3-12 nuclei located

A

brainstem

44
Q

how is the cerebellum connected to the midbrain, pons and medulla

A

superior, middle and inferior peduncles respectively (tracts carry info in both directions)

45
Q

what are the 3 cerebellar anterior

A

posterior inf cerebellar
ant inf cerebellar
superior cerebellar

46
Q

what is the largest paired cerebellar deep nuclei

A

dentate nucleus

47
Q

what is the dentate nucleus responsible for

A

planning, initiation and control of voluntary movements

48
Q

what do the dorsal columns carry and what kind of pathway are they

A

fine touch, vibration, proprioception

- ascending

49
Q

what is the white matter that connects cerebral hemisphere cortex to other structures

A

internal capsule

50
Q

how do fibres of olfactory nerve enter the cranium

A

through foramina of cribriform plate of ethmoid bone

51
Q

what are the constituents of the basal ganglia

A
  • caudate nucleus
  • putamen
  • globus pallidus
  • amygdala
52
Q

what is the papez circuit involved in

A

memory
emotions
emotional memory

53
Q

what does the papez circuit consist of

A
  • hippocampus
  • fornix
  • mammillary bodies
  • cingulate gyrus
  • thalamus
  • singulum
  • parahippocampal gyrus
54
Q

what is affected with Parkinson’s disease

A

substantia nigra (loss of neuromelanin containing cells)

55
Q

what is an epidural

A

injection of a substance into epidural space anywhere along vertebral column

56
Q

what happens in a lumbar puncture

A

hollow needle is inserted below the level of spinal cord into subarachnoid space in order to remove CSF

57
Q

does the subarachnoid space end at the same level as the spinal cord

A

no, it extends down to lower sacrum

58
Q

what does the ligament flavour connect

A

adjacent laminae

59
Q

why are the articular surfaces of cervical joints horizontal

A

so that dislocation can occur without fracture

60
Q

what is the nerve root of thumb sensation

A

c6

61
Q

what is the nerve root of the nipple line

A

t4

62
Q

what is the nerve root of the umbilicus

A

t10

63
Q

what is the nerve root of the knee

A

L3

64
Q

what is the nerve root of the big toe

A

L5

65
Q

what is the blood supply to the spinal cord

A
  • derived from anterior and posterior spinal arteries
66
Q

which arteries supply spinal cord in front of posterior grey column

A

anterior spinal

67
Q

which arteries supply the posterior grey columns and dorsal columns

A

posterior spinal arteries

68
Q

what are the 2 parts of the IVD

A
  • nucleus pulposus

- annulus fibrosus

69
Q

what does the annulus fibrous do

A

surrounds nucleus pulpous and resists its expansion

70
Q

what happens in brown-sequard syndrome (hemisection of spinal cord)

A
  • ipsilateral UMN weakness below lesion
  • ipsilateral loss of proprioception/vibration
  • contralateral loss of pain n temp sensation

(SALMA) Anatomy Handbook Questions (6 decks)

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