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(SALMA) Anatomy Handbook Questions > Anatomy of the face/neck > Flashcards

Anatomy of the face/neck Flashcards

1
Q

which tracheal rings are crossed by the isthmus

A

2nd - 4th

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2
Q

where does the superior thyroid artery come from

A

external carotid artery

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3
Q

what is the carotid sheath

A

a tube of fascia containing the:

  1. carotid artery
  2. jugular vein
  3. vagus nerve
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4
Q

enlargement of the thyroid gland can compress what?

A

the trachea

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5
Q

what is the inferior pole of the thyroid very close to

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

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6
Q

what are the extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
ETC

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7
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic laryngeal muscles

A

move the larynx up and down the neck and support its central position (particularly important for swallowing)

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8
Q

where may an emergency airway be created

A

between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage (through the cricothyroid membrane)

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9
Q

why does the thyroid gland have such a good blood supply

A

iodine is present in very low conc in blood: gland needs high blood flow to ensure adequate delivery of iodine

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10
Q

what is the location of the parathyroid glands

A

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

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11
Q

what is the only complete cartilage ring around the airway

A

the cricoid cartilage

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12
Q

a patient may develop hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery, why?

A

parathyroid glands may be removed: will cause acute (sudden) hypoparathyroidism

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13
Q

what is the pharynx made up of

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
hypopharynx/laryngopharynx

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14
Q

what are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

superior
middle
inferior

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15
Q

what are the origins of the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles

A

superior - medial pterygoid plate
middle - hyoid bone
inferior - thyroid cartilage

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16
Q

which cranial nerds form the pharyngeal plexus

A

X (vagus)

XI (glossopharyngeal)

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17
Q

what is the weakest part of the pharyngeal wall

A

lower part of pharynx in the midline

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18
Q

where does the cervical sympathetic chain lie

A

posterior to the carotid sheath (has 3 ganglia in the neck)

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19
Q

what does the vagus nerve have just before it enters the skull

A

sensory gangli on it

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20
Q

towards the top of the neck, the vagus nerve has a large branch which passes down and medially. what is this

A

superior laryngeal nerve

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21
Q

what is the internal laryngeal nerve

A

sensory nerve to the larynx above the vocal cords

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22
Q

what does the external laryngeal nerve supply

A

cricothyroid muscle and cricopharyngeal part of inferior constrictor

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23
Q

what is the carotid sinus

A

at the origin of the internal carotid artery, there is a swelling

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24
Q

what is the internal carotid artery innervated by

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

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25
Q

what does the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve supply

A

middle ear and eustachian tube

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26
Q

the glossopharyngeal nerve runs on the surface of which muscle?

A

stylopharyngeus

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27
Q

what does the carotid sinus measure

A

BP; pressure is sensed by receptors, signal sent to brain via CN IX and returned via CN X to the heart to slow heart rate

28
Q

what is the name of the fused 1st thoracic and lower cervical sympathetic ganglia

A

stellate ganglion

29
Q

which special sensation is carried in glossopharyngeal nerve

A

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

30
Q

which parts of the pharynx lie below the lower border of the mandible

A

hypopharynx

31
Q

what is the depression btwn thyroid and cricoid cartilage

A

cricothyroid membrane

32
Q

what do the 2 cricothyroid muscles do

A

alter length and tension of vocal cords by tilting thyroid cartilage forward onto cricoid cartilage

33
Q

what do the aryepiglottic folds mark

A

laryngeal inlet

34
Q

wha does the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage form a synovial joint with

A

cricoid cartilage

35
Q

what happens to the cricoid cartilage in the elderly

A

becomes calcified

36
Q

what are superior vestibular folds

A

false vocal cords

37
Q

what are inferior vocal folds

A

true vocal cords

38
Q

what are the true and false vocal cords separated by

A

laryngeal sinus

39
Q

what is the space between the vocal cords

A

rima glottidis

40
Q

where does the submandibular salivary gland sit

A

in the floor of the mouth - extends inferior to mid portion of ramps of the mandible

41
Q

which gland does the facial nerve travel through

A

parotid gland

42
Q

which structure stops liquid refluxing into the back of the nose during swallowing

A

soft palate

43
Q

describe the histology of the tracheal mucosa

A

simple, columnar, pseudo stratified, ciliated with goblet cells

44
Q

where does the parotid gland enter the mouth

A

cheek, adjacent to 2nd upper premolar

45
Q

what is the oral cavity bounded by

A

anteriorly - lips
laterally - cheeks
superiorly - palate
inferiorly - tongue

46
Q

what is the tongue attached to

A

posterior of mandible ramus

hyoid bone

47
Q

what does the surface of the anterior 2/4 of tongue lie against

A

palate

48
Q

what does the surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue lie agaijnst

A

posterior wall of the oropharynx

49
Q

where does the tonsil sit on

A

superior constrictor of the pharynx

50
Q

what is the tonsil

A

a consolidation of lymphoid tissue - samples organisms which may try to enter body via mouth or nose

51
Q

what does the roof of the mouth/palate separate

A

oral and nasal cavities

52
Q

what is the anterior 2/3 of the palate formed by

A

palatine process of maxillary bones anteriorly and horizontal plates of palatine bones posteriorly

53
Q

what is the anterior 2/3 of the palate called

A

hard palate

54
Q

what is the posterior 1/3 of the palate called

A

soft palate, it is muscular

55
Q

what is the function of the eustachian tube

A

to equalise air pressure either side of the tympanic membrane

56
Q

why is the maxillary sinus more prone to infection

A

opening into the nasal cavity is at the top of the sinus so it doesn’t drain easily

57
Q

why may disease in the maxillary sinus cause cheek numbness

A

nerve which gives sensation to cheek passes in the roof of the maxillary sinus

58
Q

what structure stops reflux of liquid into the nose during swallowing

A

soft palate

59
Q

how are the 4 paranasal sinuses named

A

maxillary, frontal, sphenoid and ethmoid

according to bone they’re in

60
Q

what are conchae aka

A

turbinates

61
Q

what is the function of the conchae

A

to increase SA - increases amount of air that comes into contact with cavity walls - easier for humidifying

62
Q

which nasal sinuses open into the middl meatus

A

frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal

63
Q

in addition to the nasal sinuses, which 2 other structures open into the nasal cavity?

A

nasolacrimal duct

Eustachian tube

64
Q

what are the pointy bits at the top of the arytenoid cartilages

A

corniculate

65
Q

what kind of cartilages are cuneiform

A

free floating

(SALMA) Anatomy Handbook Questions (6 decks)

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