Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Descending (motor) tracts

Answer 1

UMNs from brain to LMNs

Motor signals

Question 2

LMNs

Answer 2

Directly innervate muscles

Question 3

Pyramidal tracts: function

Answer 3

Voluntary control of muscles of body + face

Question 4

Pyramidal tracts: pathway

Answer 4

Cerebral cortex to spinal cord + brainstem

Question 5

Types of pyramidal tract

Answer 5

Corticospinal + corticobulbar

Question 6

Corticospinal tracts

Answer 6

Voluntary control of muscles of body

Question 7

Corticobulbar tracts

Answer 7

Voluntary control of muscles of head + neck

think head = bulb

Question 8

Extrapyramidal tracts: function

Answer 8

Involuntary + automatic control of all musculature

Question 9

Extrapyramidal tracts: pathway

Answer 9

Brainstem to spinal cord

Question 10

Upper limb sensation: nerve root

Answer 10

T6 and above

Question 11

Lower limb sensation: nerve root

Answer 11

T7 and below

Question 12

Spinocerebellar tracts

Answer 12

Proprioception

Question 13

Dorsal (posterior) column

Answer 13

Proprioception, vibration + fine touch

Question 14

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 14

Crude touch, pressure, pain, temperature

Question 15

Anterior spinothalamic tract

Answer 15

Crude touch + pressure

Question 16

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Answer 16

Pain + temperature

Question 17

Dorsal (posterior) column decussation (proprioception + vibration)

Answer 17

Brainstem

Question 18

Spinothalamic tract (pressure/touch; pain + temperature) decussation

Answer 18

On entering the spinal cord

Question 19

Lateral corticospinal tracts: decussation

Answer 19

Medulla

Question 20

where do spinal nerves lie and finish

Answer 20

where does CE begin

Question 21

where does the spinal cord end? where should you do LP?

Answer 21

L1/L2 (so do LP at L3/4)

below that is just nerve roots - cauda equina

Question 22

structure of spinal cord

Answer 22

31 segments - from each segment on each side branches:
1 sensory nerve root (dorsal/posterior)
1 motor nerve root (ventral/anterior)

these nerve roots merge into spinal nerves

Question 23

UMN vs LMN

Answer 23

UMN = CNS
LMN = PNS

UMN = brain, SC, white matter tracts

LMN = anterior horn cell, nerve root, spinal motor nerve, neuromuscular junction

Question 24

dorsal (posterior) vs ventral (anterior) columns/roots

Answer 24

each spinal nerve attached to SC by its 2 roots:
posterior root - sensory
anterior root - motor