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Neurology > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does CNS mean?

A

Central Nervous System

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2
Q

What does PNS mean?

A

Peripheral Nerous System

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3
Q

What are the seven regions of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemisphere

Diencephalon

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla Oblongata

Spinal Cord

Cerebellum

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4
Q

Lable the seven regions of the brain

A
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5
Q

What do Neurons do?

A
  1. Receive information
  2. Intergrate information
  3. Transmit electrical pusles to another neuron or effector cell
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6
Q

What are Glial cells?

A

Support cells for the neurons

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7
Q

What do astrocytes do?

A

Support

Maintain blood brain barrier

enviromental homeostasis

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8
Q

What type of cell is this?

A

Astrocyte

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9
Q

What cells produce myelin in the central nervous system ( but not the PNS)?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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10
Q

What are microglia?

A

Cells of similar lineage to macrophages

responsible for immune monitoring and antigen presentation in the brain

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11
Q

What type of cell is this?

A

Microglia

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12
Q

What are Ependymal cells and where do you find them?

A

Ciliated cuboidal columnar epithelium that line the ventricles

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13
Q

What are the small cracks called?

A

Sulcus ( plural sulci)

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14
Q

What are the blocks called

A

Gyrus (plural gyri)

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15
Q

What are the deep cracks called?

A

Fissures

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16
Q

Name this structure

A

Posterior Columns

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17
Q

Name this sturcture

A

Posterior Dorsal Horn

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18
Q

Name all the arrows

A

Posterior horn

Posterior columns

Lateral Columm

Anterior column

Anterior horn

19
Q

Name the Different features of the brain shown below

A
20
Q

What are the diferent parts of the brain shown here

A
21
Q

What are the different parts of the brain shown here?

A
22
Q

What are the three layers of the meninges?

A

Dura mater

Arachnoind Mater

Pia Mater

23
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres?

A

Frontal lobe

Parietal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Occipital Lobe

24
Q

What are the names of the arteries

A
25
Q

Where do the dural venous sinuses drain in to?

A

Internal Jugular vein.

26
Q

Lable the venous drainage of the brain

A
27
Q

How does the spinal cord taper off ?

A

Terminates in a tapered cone called the conus medullaris

continues as the thin connective cord called the filum terminale

28
Q

Where does the filum terminale attatch on to?

A

The dorsum of the coccyx

29
Q

What does the denticulate ligament do?

A

its a ribbon of tissue on the lateral aspects of the spinal cord which attatch to the dura at points along the length of the cord .

30
Q

What is the denticulate ligament made off?

A

Pial and arachnoid tissue

31
Q

What is the spinal cord made of ?

A

Outer layer of white matter

Inner “H” shaped layer of grey matter

32
Q

What are the four columns of the spinal cord?

A
33
Q

What do you find the lateral horns?

A

spinal segements T1 to L2

34
Q

What is found inside the lateral horns?

A

Preganglionic Sympathetic neurons

35
Q

What are the three aterial supplies to the spinal cord?

A

Three major longitudinal arteries

Segmental Arteries

Radicular Arteries

36
Q

What is the epidural space?

A

The space between the dura of the spinal cord and the bone.

It is ustilized in epidural anaesthesia

37
Q

What is useful to remember about the ratio of white matter to grey matter in the spinal cord?

A

As you go down the cord the white matter occupies a smaller proportion of the cord

38
Q

What signals does the dorsal column deal with?

A

Fine touch and conscious proprioception

39
Q

What does proprioception mean?

A

A sense or perception, usually at a subconscious level, of the movements and position of the body and especially its limbs, independent of vision;

40
Q

how are somatotopic organisation of the motor nureurons mapped on to the cortex?

A

Feet

Legs

Arms

Hands

Face

41
Q

What does the Corticospinal Tract do?

A

Fine precise movements particulary of distal limb muscles

42
Q

What does the Tectospinal Tract do?

A

Mediates reflex head and neck movements due to visual stimuli

43
Q
A

Neurology (8 decks)

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