Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What does CNS mean?
Central Nervous System
What does PNS mean?
Peripheral Nerous System
What are the seven regions of the brain?
Cerebral hemisphere
Diencephalon
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Spinal Cord
Cerebellum
Lable the seven regions of the brain
What do Neurons do?
- Receive information
- Intergrate information
- Transmit electrical pusles to another neuron or effector cell
What are Glial cells?
Support cells for the neurons
What do astrocytes do?
Support
Maintain blood brain barrier
enviromental homeostasis
What type of cell is this?
Astrocyte
What cells produce myelin in the central nervous system ( but not the PNS)?
Oligodendrocytes
What are microglia?
Cells of similar lineage to macrophages
responsible for immune monitoring and antigen presentation in the brain
What type of cell is this?
Microglia
What are Ependymal cells and where do you find them?
Ciliated cuboidal columnar epithelium that line the ventricles
What are the small cracks called?
Sulcus ( plural sulci)
What are the blocks called
Gyrus (plural gyri)
What are the deep cracks called?
Fissures
Name this structure
Posterior Columns
Name this sturcture
Posterior Dorsal Horn
Name all the arrows
Posterior horn
Posterior columns
Lateral Columm
Anterior column
Anterior horn
Name the Different features of the brain shown below
What are the diferent parts of the brain shown here
What are the different parts of the brain shown here?
What are the three layers of the meninges?
Dura mater
Arachnoind Mater
Pia Mater
What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres?
Frontal lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
What are the names of the arteries
Where do the dural venous sinuses drain in to?
Internal Jugular vein.
Lable the venous drainage of the brain
How does the spinal cord taper off ?
Terminates in a tapered cone called the conus medullaris
continues as the thin connective cord called the filum terminale
Where does the filum terminale attatch on to?
The dorsum of the coccyx
What does the denticulate ligament do?
its a ribbon of tissue on the lateral aspects of the spinal cord which attatch to the dura at points along the length of the cord .
What is the denticulate ligament made off?
Pial and arachnoid tissue
What is the spinal cord made of ?
Outer layer of white matter
Inner “H” shaped layer of grey matter
What are the four columns of the spinal cord?
What do you find the lateral horns?
spinal segements T1 to L2
What is found inside the lateral horns?
Preganglionic Sympathetic neurons
What are the three aterial supplies to the spinal cord?
Three major longitudinal arteries
Segmental Arteries
Radicular Arteries
What is the epidural space?
The space between the dura of the spinal cord and the bone.
It is ustilized in epidural anaesthesia
What is useful to remember about the ratio of white matter to grey matter in the spinal cord?
As you go down the cord the white matter occupies a smaller proportion of the cord
What signals does the dorsal column deal with?
Fine touch and conscious proprioception
What does proprioception mean?
A sense or perception, usually at a subconscious level, of the movements and position of the body and especially its limbs, independent of vision;
how are somatotopic organisation of the motor nureurons mapped on to the cortex?
Feet
Legs
Arms
Hands
Face
What does the Corticospinal Tract do?
Fine precise movements particulary of distal limb muscles
What does the Tectospinal Tract do?
Mediates reflex head and neck movements due to visual stimuli
