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Neurology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what are the intrinsic back muscles?

A

Erector Spinae

Transversospinalis

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2
Q

What is the basic unit of the nervous system?

A

Neurone

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3
Q

What are the two main types of neurone?

A

Multipolar

Unipolar

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4
Q

What do multipolar neurones normally do?

A

Innervate skeletal muscle and are responsible for the autonomic nervous system

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5
Q

Where is the cell body of multipolar neurones found?

A

In the Central Nervous system

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6
Q

What do Unipolar neurones do?

A

Sensory receptors

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7
Q

Where is the cell body found in unipolar neurones?

A

The cell body is found in the peripheral nervous system

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8
Q

What neurone is afferent and what neurone is efferent?

A

Multipolar - efferent

Unipolar - afferent

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9
Q

What does efferent and afferent mean?

A

Efferent - effectively moving something

Afferent- aouch - sensory

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10
Q

What is a nerve?

A

Collection of axons surrounded by connective tissue and blood vessels

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11
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves?

A

I Olfactory

II Optic

III Oculomotor

IV Trochlear

V Trigeminal

VI Abducent

VII Facial

VIII Vestibulocochlear

IX Glossopharyngeal nerve

X Vagus

XI Spinal Accessory nerve

XII Hypoglossal nerve

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12
Q

What are the special sensory nerves?

A

Olfactory

Optic

Vestibulocochlear

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13
Q

What are the motor cranial nerves?

A

Oculomotor

Trochlear

abducent

spinal accessory

Hypoglossal

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14
Q

What cranial nerves have both a sensory and motor component ?

A

Trigeminal nerve

Facial nerve

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Vagus Nerve

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15
Q

Where do you find spinal nerves?

A

Only in the intervertebral foramen

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16
Q

Do sensory axons pass into the posterior or anterior horn of the spinal cord?

A

All sensory axons pass from the spinal nerve into the poterior horn

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17
Q

What do sensory axons travel through starting at the spinal nerve>

A

Dorsal root ganglion

Posterior roots

Posterior rootlets

Posterior horn

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18
Q

Where motor axons travel from starting from the spinal cord and ending at the spinal nerve?

A

Anterior horn

Anterior rootlets

Anterior root

Spinal nerve

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19
Q

What does each spinal nerve pair supply to each body segment?

A

General sensory supply

Somatic motor to skeletal muscles

Sympathetic nerve supply to the skin and to the smooth muscles of arterioles

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20
Q

What is a dermatome?

A

Area of skin supplied with sensory innervation from a single spinal nerve

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21
Q

What is a myotome?

A

The skeletal muscles supplied with motor innervation from a single spinal nerve

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22
Q

What dermatome is located at the male nipple?

A

T4

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23
Q

What dermatome is at the umbilicus?

A

T10

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24
Q

What dermatomes supply the posterior scalp, neck and shoulder?

A

C2 C3 C4

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25
Q

What dermatomes are involved in the upper limb?

A

C5 - T1

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26
Q

What anterior rami form the cervical plexus?

A

c1-c4

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27
Q

What anterior rami form the brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

28
Q

What anterior rami form the lumbar plexus?

A

L1-L4

29
Q

What anterior rami form the Sacral plexus?

A

L5-S4

30
Q

At what vertebral level is the sympathetic chain?

A

T1 to L2

31
Q

How the presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the central nervous system?

A

Some cranial nerves

Sacral Spinal nerves

32
Q

What spinal nerves let presynaptic parasympathetic axons leave the central nervous system?

A

Oculomotor nerve

Facial

Glossopharyngeal

Vagus

33
Q

How does parasympathic supply get to the eye?

A

Via the ciliary ganglion

34
Q

How do the organs of the neck, chest and midgut get parasympathetic supply?

A

vagus nerve

35
Q

How does the hindgut, pelvis and perineum get its parasympathetic supply?

A

Via the sacral spinal nerves

36
Q

What is horner’s syndrome?

A

Impaired sympathic innervation to head and neck

Miosis

ptosis

anhydrosis

increased warmth and redness

37
Q

What are the names of the three parts of the trapezius muscle?

A

Descending

Transverse

Ascending

38
Q

What muscle is commonly responsible for lower back pain

A

Erector Spinae

39
Q

What do the extrinsic back muscles do ?

A

Move upper limb

40
Q

What are the extrinsic back muscles?

A

Rhomboids

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

levator scapule

41
Q

What do the intrinsic back muscles do?

A

Maintain back posture

Move spine

42
Q

Where does the erector spinae attatch?

A

Inferirorly to the sacrum and the iliac crest

Superiorly to either a rib or a vertebrae

43
Q

Where do you find the transversospinalis?

A

Found within the grooves between the transverse and spinous processes

44
Q

How are the muscles of the back aranged? (axial Image)

A
45
Q

What muscles flex the spine?

A

Psoas major and rectus abdominis

46
Q

What muscles extend the spine?

A

Erector spinae and transversospinalis

47
Q

What do you call the space between vertebrae that the spinal nerves pass through?

A

Intervertberal foramen

48
Q

What are the tough parts of the intervertebral discs?

A

Annulus fibrosus

Nucleus pulposus

49
Q

What are the three ligament strips associated with the spinal cord?

A

Ligamentum flavum

posterior longitudinal ligament

anterior longitudinal ligament

50
Q

What are the two ligaments associated with the spinous processes ?

A
51
Q

What is special about C1’s shape?

A

It does not have a body or a spinous process

instead it has an anterior arch and a posterior arch

52
Q

What is special about C2’s shape?

A

It has an odontoid process which projects superiorly from the body

53
Q

What is the first palpable spinous process ( normally )

A

C7

54
Q

What joint is responsible for flexion and extension of the neck?

A

Atlanto-occipital join

55
Q

What joint is responsible for turning your head?

A

Atlanto-axial joints

56
Q

What spinal nerve root levels make up the femoral nerve?

A

L2 L3 L4

57
Q

What supplies cutaneous innervation over the spine?

A

Posterior parts of the back dermatomes are supplied by posterior rami.

58
Q

How do you test C5 myotome?

A

Abduction

59
Q

How do you test C7 myotome?

A

Adduction

60
Q

How do you test c8 myotome?

A

Finger flexion

61
Q

How do you test c7 myotome?

A

Finger Extension

62
Q

How do you test T1 myotome?

A

Adduction

63
Q

How do you test L2,L3 myotome?

A

hip flexion

64
Q

How do you test L5 and S1 myotome?

A

Hip extension

65
Q
A

Neurology (8 decks)

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