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Biopsych > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Gray matter

A

Cell bodies and dendrites

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2
Q

White matter

A

Axons and myelin

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3
Q

Tract

A

Bundle of axons in the CNS

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4
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of axons in the PNS

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5
Q

Nucleus

A

Collection of cell bodies (gray matter) in CNS

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6
Q

Ganglion

A

Collection of cell bodies (gray matter) in the PNS

*EXCEPTION- the basal ganglia in the CNS

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7
Q

Superior

A

Above

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8
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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9
Q

Posterior/caudal

A

Towards back/tail

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10
Q

Anterior/rostral

A

Toward head/nose

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11
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards back

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12
Q

Ventral

A

Toward belly

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13
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle

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14
Q

Lateral

A

Toward the side

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On same side of body as given point

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16
Q

Contralateral

A

On opposite side of body as given point

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17
Q

Proximal

A

Near the center

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18
Q

Distal

A

Toward the periphery

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19
Q

Afferent

A

Carries into region

“Afferents Arrive”

SENSORY NEURONS

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20
Q

Efferent

A

Carries info away from region

“Efferents Exit”

MOTOR NEURONS

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21
Q

3 planes

A

Horizontal plane (divides upper and lower)

Saggital plane (cutting down midline to divide R/L sides)

Coronal Plane (divides into front/back aka ventral/dorsal)

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22
Q

Branches of PNS

A

Somatic- cranial and spinal nerves, sensory and motor nerves

Autonomic (involuntary)- information to/from organs and glands

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23
Q

Spinal Nerves

A

31 pairs

Sensory- afferent

Motor- efferent

24
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs

Names: “oh, oh, oh, to touch and feel very good velvet, such heaven!”

(Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal)

Sensory, motor, or both: “some stars make money, but my brother says big brains make more”

25
Q

Olfactory Nerve

A

I

Smell

Sensory

26
Q

Optic nerve

A

II

Vision

Sensory

27
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerve

A

VIII

hearing and balance

Sensory

28
Q

Oculomotor nerve

A

III

eyes

Motor

29
Q

Trochlear nerve

A

IV

Eyes

Motor

30
Q

Abducens nerve

A

VI

Eyes

Motor

31
Q

Spinal accessory nerve

A

XI

Neck

Motor

32
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

XII

Tongue

Motor

33
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

V

Facial sensation, chewing muscles

Both

34
Q

Facial nerve

A

VII

Taste sensation, facial muscles

Both

35
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerve

A

IX

Throat sensation, throat muscles

Both

36
Q

Vagus nerve

A

X

Heart, liver, intestines

Both

37
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls body’s organs

Basic homeostatic needs- 4 F’s

Includes:
Sympathetic Nervous System- fight or flight
Parasympathetic Nervous System- rest and digest

38
Q

Spinal Cord

A

Carries sensory/motor info between brain and body

Afferent sensory info- Dorsal roots
Efferent motor info- Ventral roots

Contains both gray and white matter (gray matter inside surrounded by white matter outside)

39
Q

Forebrain

A

Telencephalon- contains cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, limbic system

Diencephalon- contains thalamus, hypothalamus

40
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Motor control

41
Q

Limbic system

A

Emotion processing, learning/memory, attention, olfaction

42
Q

Thalamus

A

Received and directs all sensory input, route to conscious perception

43
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Master gland (technically pituitary?)

Controls endocrine system (hormones) trough pituitary gland

44
Q

Midbrain

A

Tectum- includes superior and inferior colliculus

Substantia Nigra

Reticular formation

45
Q

Superior colliculus

A

Visual

46
Q

Inferior colliculus

A

Auditory

47
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

Motor function (part of the basal ganglia)

48
Q

Reticular formation

A

Sleep, arousal, stretches into hindbrain, homeostatic functions

COMA CAT

49
Q

Hindbrain

A

Cerebellum

Pons

Medulla

50
Q

Cerebellum

A

motor control/coordination, balance, movement planning, simple learning

51
Q

Pons

A

Hub for cranial nerves, sensory/motor nuclei

52
Q

Medulla

A

Transition from brain to spinal cord, respiration/HR, origin of many cranial nerves

53
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Special laminar (layered) structure

6 layers- differentiated by neuronal structure and function

Cortical columns- specialized for certain functions

Pyramidal cells- layers III and V, most prominent kind of neuron in cerebral cortex

54
Q

Meninges

A

Protective membranes

Outermost layer- Dura Mater (“tough mother”)

Middle layer- Arachnoid (“spiderweb-like”)

Innermost layer- Pia Mater (“tender mother”)

55
Q

Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)

A

Fluid in the brain that helps to protect it from injury

  • ventricular system
  • choroid plexus- produces CSF from blood
56
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

Probably evolved to help protect brain from infections and blood-borne toxins, but also makes delivery of drugs to the brain more difficult

Biopsych (8 decks)

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