Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Where do the superior and inferior colliculus sit?
On the dorsal brainstem in the midbrain, just medial to the thalami
Where do the pyramids sit?
On the ventral brainstem, in the medulla just below the pons. Medial to the olives
Where are the olives found?
Ventral brainstem medulla - lateral to the pyramids
What demarcates the midbrain from the pons on the dorsal brainstem?
The inferior border of the inferior colliculus
Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the midbrain?
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Which autonomic nucleus is found in the brainstem?
Edinger-Westphal nucleus - parasympathetic fibres
How do the parasympathetic fibres originate and travel to the eye and what do they innervate?
Originate in the EW nucleus in the midbrain. Travel with CN3 to the ciliary ganglion and then sphincter papillae and the ciliary muscles
Which cranial nerve nuclei are found in the pons?
Trigeminal motor nucleus Part of the trigeminal sensory nucleus Abducens Facial motor nucleus Part of the vestibular and cochlear nuclei
What autonomic nucleus is found in the pons? Which type are they?
Superior and inferior salivatory nuclei
Parasympathetic
Where is the nucleus accumbens found?
In the basal ganglia - ventral striatum, underneath the caudate nucleus and putamen
Where is the nucleus ambiguus found? What does it do?
In the medulla
Contains CN 9, 10 and 11 information - hence innervates the pharynx and larynx
Which brainstem nucleus is responsible for nerves to the pharynx and larynx?
Nucleus ambiguus - CN9, 10 and 11
What is the nucleus solitarius?
Responsible for visceral sensory afferents including taste
ANS information including baroreceptors, chemoreceptors to hypothalamus
Where is the nucleus solitarius found?
Medulla
What nucleus is responsible for visceral afferents, including taste?
Nucleus solitarius
What cranial nerve nuclei are found in the medulla?
Nucleus solitarius Part of the trigeminal sensory nucleus Part of the vestibular and cochlear nucleus Nucleus ambiguus Vagus nucleus Hypoglossal nucleus
Where are the mammillary bodies found?
Ventral surface of the hypothalamus - rostral to the midbrain, visible on the ventral surface
Where is the pineal gland found?
Postero-superior to the thalamus
Where are the specific thalamic nuclei found?
The ventral portion of the lateral nuclear group
What are the afferents and efferent to the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus?
Afferents - spinothalamic, medial lemniscus and trigeminothalamic tracts
Efferent - primary somatosensory cortex
What are the afferents and efferent of the lateral geniculate nucleus?
Afferents - visual (optic tract) - contralateral 1/2 of visual field
Efferent - primary visual cortex via the optic radiations
What are the afferent and efferent of the medial geniculate nucleus?
Afferent - auditory info (from inferior colliculus of midbrain)
Efferent - primary auditory cortex
What is the inferior colliculus for?
Projects afferent auditory information to the thalamus
What are the afferent and efferent of the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus?
Afferent - ipsilateral basal ganglia and substantia nigra
Efferent - premotor association cortex
What are the afferents and efferents of the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus?
Afferents - ipsilateral globus pallidus, substantia nigra and contralateral dentate nucleus of cerebellum
Efferents - primary motor cortex
What part of the thalamus projects to the primary motor cortex?
Ventral lateral nucleus
What part of the thalamus projects to the premotor association cortex?
Ventral anterior nucleus
What part of the thalamus projects to the primary somatosensory cortex?
Ventral posterior nucleus
What part of the thalamus projects to the auditory cortex?
Medial geniculate nucleus
What part of the thalamus projects to the visual cortex?
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Which parts of the thalamus have limbic connections?
Anterior nuclear group - afferents from mammillary bodies via mammillothalamic tract, efferents to the cingulate gyrus
Lateral dorsal nucleus - afferent from the hippocampus, efferent to the cingulate gyrus
What is the pulvinar region of the thalamus connected to?
Parietal, temporal and occipital association cortices
What does the lateral posterior nucleus of the thalamus connect to?
Sensory association cortex of the parietal lobe
What are the afferents and efferent of the medial nuclear group of the thalamus?
Afferents from hypothalamus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex and other thalamic nuclei
Efferents to the prefrontal cortex
Which part of the thalamus is responsible for connections with the prefrontal cortex?
Medial nuclear group
What are the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus involved with?
Afferents from brainstem (reticular activating formation), spinothalamic and trigeminothalamic tract
Efferents to cortex, caudate nucleus and putamen
Involved in ‘activation’ of the cortex