Neuroanatomy 412 Flashcards
Define the directions of the brain:
caudal-rostral
dorsal-ventral
superior-inferior
anterior-posterior
What comprises the forebrain?
The telencephalon and diencephalon
What comprises the telencephalon?
The cerebrum and basal ganglia
what comprises the diencephalon?
Everything with ‘thalamus’ in the name.
The thalamus, hypothalamus and subthalamus
What are the lobes of the brain?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Limbic
What are the major sulci and gyri of the brain and what do they mark?
- Longitudinal fissure - separates the 2 cerebral hemispheres
- Central sulcus - separates frontal and parietal lobes
- Lateral fissure - separates frontal and parietal lobes fromt emporal lobe
- Parieto-occipital sulcus - on medial surface; separates the occipital lobe from the parietal and temporal lobes
- Calacrine fissure - on medial surface in occipital lobe
- Precentral gyrus - primary motor area
- Postcentral gyrus - primary somatosensory area
What composes the grey matter?
Where the nerve cell bodies reside. Includes the cortical layer and deep nuclei.
What is the white matter?
Where the fibre tracts (axons) reside. Connects different parts of the CNS.
3 types of fibres in the brain
1) association fibres
2) commissural fibres
3) projection fibres
Association fibres
Connect areas within the same hemisphere
Commissural fibres
Originate from cell bodies in the cortex of one hemisphere, cross the midline, and synapse with neurons of the other hemisphere. The largest bundle of commissural fibres is the corpus callosum.
Projection fibres
Project to and from the cortex.
At what level does the spinal cord end?
L1-2 - find it by using the iliac crest to identify L4 and then feeling up to spinal levels.
Where does the arachnoid space end?
S2 - this would also then be the end of where the CSF reaches
Detrusor muscle
smooth muscle in bladder wall;
relaxed during urine storage and contracted during voiding.
