NeuroAnatomy Flashcards
The more medial of the dorsal cervical columns carries what?
sensory information from the legs
The more lateral of the dorsal cervical columns carries what?
sensory information from the arms
Midbrain landmarks
cerebral peduncle, substantia nigra, medial lemniscus, and red nucleus
Pons landmarks
cortiospinal tract, medial leminscus, and middle cerebellar peduncles
Medulla landmarks
pyramid, olive and medial leminscus
what is the one landmark that all three parts of the brainstem have in common?
Medial Lemniscus
what are the three basic forms of cerebral white matter
association, commissural and projection
explain association in reference to cerebral white matter
axons carrying information form one cortical region to another within the same cerebral hemisphere. ex: repeating the spoken word requires transmission of signals from the left temporal to the left frontal lobe via arcuate fasciculus
explain commissural in reference to cerebral white matter
transmitting information between hemispheres. ex: correctly naming an object in the left hand requires the right partial lobe to transmit information to the left.
what is the largest cerebral commissure
Corpus Callosum
explain projection in reference to cerebral white matter
interaction of the cerebral cortex with subcortical sites. ex: somatosensory input reaches the parietal lobe via projections arising from the thalamus.
in reference to the spinal cord, where is the grey matter in relation to the white matter?
grey matter is in the inside while the white matter surround it. the cell bodies are in the grey matter while afferent and efferent fiber are in the white matter surrounding the grey matter
in reference to the cerebral cortex, where is the grey matter in relation to the white matter
grey matter is on the outside while the white matter is on the inside.
the ventral and dorsal horns carry what fibers
Ventral= motor or efferent while Dorsal=sensory or afferent information via the thalamus
what does white matter contain in the cord?
myelinated axons carrying motor commands in descending tracts from the brain to the spinal cord. Also ascending axons carrying sensory information from the cord to the brain.
what does grey matter contain in the cord?
neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. controls muscular activity and sensory information
what do the dorsal, lateral and ventral columns of the white matter carry?
Dorsal columns carry sensory info to the brain
Lateral columns carry sensory and motor information in ascending tracts
Ventral columns carry sensory and motor information in descending tracts
explain how many spinal nerves we have
8 cervical spinal nerves (due to the first coming from the skull), 12 thoracic and 5 lumbar and 5 sacral
all cranial nerves except? are peripheral nerves
CN II (optic nerve) (myelinated by oligodendrocytes)
what are fascicles in relation to the peripheral nerve? describe the layers that surround them
bundles of nerves, small bundles within the bundles are endoneurium, perineurium surrounds the whole fascicles, and epineurium surrounds the whole peripheral nerve
which cranial nerves have significant sensory functions?
CN I, II, V, VII, IX, X
which cranial nerves carry axons of cells belonging to the ANS?
CN III, VII, IX, and X
which CN comes directly out of the pons?
CN IV (trochlear)
which CN comes directly out of the midbrain (mesencephalon)
CN III( oculomotor)
