Neuro Lecture 4 Flashcards
On the lateral surface of the brain, what arbitrary line separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobes and temporal lobes?
Parieto occipital sulcus and the pre occipital notch.
what separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe.
The lateral (sylvan fissure)
How would you find the central sulcus on the medial surface of the brain?
follow the cingulate sulcus to the end of its marginal ramus.
Telencephalon: Olfactory Nerve (CN 1), deficits?
Anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and olfactory hypesthesia/hyperesthesia
Diencephalon: CN II (optic nerve), deficits?
Blindness, hemianopia, quadrantanopia, and loss of AFFERENT limb corneal reflex
Mesencephalon (ventral): CN III Oculomotor Nerve, deficits?
Paralysis of most eye movements and diplopia (double vision). Pupillary dilation and loss of efferent limb corneal reflex.
Mesencephalon: CN IV Trochlear Nerve, deficits?
Inability to look down and out and diplopia
CN V: Trigeminal, deficits?
Loss of sensation on areas of the face and in oral cavity served by each division; loss of afferent limb corneal and jaw jerk reflexes. Masticatory muscle weakness/paralysis and loss of efferent limb jaw-jerk reflex.
which is the only cranial nerve that comes directly from the pons?
CN V: trigeminal
CN VI: Abducens, deficits?
Lateral gaze palsy and diplopia
pure sensory nerves exit where?
Further away from the midline or more lateral
pure motor nerves exit where?
Closer to the midline or more medial
CN VII: Facial, deficits?
weakness/paralysis of facial muscles and loss of efferent limb corneal reflex. Loss of taste anterior 2/3rd of tongue. Loss of ear sensation
CN VIII: Vestibulocochlear, deficits?
Deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, unsteady gait, and nystagmus
CN IX: glossopharyngeal, deficits?
Difficulty swallowing and loss of gag reflex, Decrease of secretory function, loss of taste on posterior third of tongue, loss of sensation in external auditory meatus, possible bradycardia or tachycardia
CN X: Vagus Nerve, deficits?
Dysphagia, dysarthria, loss of vocals function, and loss of gag reflex. Decrease in secretory action and effect on intestinal motility and heart rate. Loss of taste. Loss of sensation in external auditory meatus and on eardrum. Decrease/loss of sensations from viscera; may affect gag reflex.
CN XI: Spinal Accessory Nerve, deficits?
Weakness of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles
CN XIII: Hypoglossal Nerve, deficits?
Deviation of the tongue on protrusion.
what 3 nerves come from the postolivary sulcus?
CN IX, X, XI
what nerve comes from preolivary sulcus?
CN XII
what nerve comes from the cerebellopontine angle?
CN VIII and VII
What is the conus medullaris?
Caudal end of the cord
what is the cauda equine?
nerves exiting the conus medullaris form a nervous complex.
does the dural sac have nerve endings?
yes and ends at the level of S2 vertebra and is attached to the coccyx by the film terminale externum
at what spinal level is the lumbar puncture made and why?
Lumbar puncture is between L4 and L5 vertebrae and this is done because the spinal cord ends at the level of L2
what does the opercular area consist of?
parts of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes that cover the insular lobe
Broca’s Motor Speech Area consists of what?
left hemisphere area 45= pars triangularis and area 44= pars opercularis
A lesion in the 45 and 44 area is called what? And what are the symptoms?
Broca aphasia. Have great difficulty turning ideas into meaningful speech
Wernicke’s Receptive Speech Area consists of what?
Left hemisphere, posterior portion of area 22 (including planum temporal)
A lesion in the 22 area is called what? And what are the symptoms?
Wernicke aphasia. patients speak freely and w without hesitation but what is said may make little sense due to the use of inappropriate words.
Primary motor cortex consists of what?
area 4, pre central gyrus
primary somatosensory cortex consists of what?
areas 3,1,2 and post central gyrus.
what two parts of the brain form part of Wernicke’s language area?
transverse temporal sulcus and the planum temporale
From the medial to lateral in the inferior frontal region are what structures?
Longitudinal fissure, gyrus rectus, olfactory sulcus, and orbital gyri
what three cortexes together constitute the olfactory cortex?
piriform cortex, peri amygdaloid and entorhinal cortex.
what structure on the frontal and parietal lobe of the brain corresponds to closure of rostral neuropore?
Lamina Terminalis
what is the fornix?
a large bundle of axons yielding an arch from the hippocampal formation to the hypothalamic mammillary body that constitutes part of the limbic circularity.
what does the diencephalon contain?
Hypothalamic sulcus, thalamus, hypothalamus
what does the mesencephalon contain?
tectum, tegmentum, cerebral aquaduct, CN III
what does the met encephalon contain?
basilar pons, tegmentum and pontine 4th ventricle
what does the myelencephalon contain?
tegmentum, medullary 4th ventricle, foramen of Magendie
