Neuroanatomy Flashcards
The blood brain barrier is located between which two meningeal layers?
arachnoid and pia
Turning your eye laterally via the lateral rectus muscle requires innervation from which cranial nerve?
CN VI (aka abducens)
Which cranial nerves emerge from the pons/medulla junction? (3)
CN VI, CN VII, CN VIII
Which horn contains visceral cell bodies?
lateral (intermediate) horn
The cerebral peduncles are also known as the ____.
crus cerebri
What part of the brain releases dopamine?
substantia nigra in the mesencephalon
Name the cavity of the midbrain that joins the third and fourth ventricles.
cerebral aqueduct
The parietal lobe extends to the paretio-occipital sulcus and is divided by two sulci. Name the two sulci.
postcentral and intraparietal suki
Secreto-motor parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal gland are from which cranial nerve?
CN VII (aka facial nerve)
Where is the primary visual cortex (VI) located?
most posterior aspect of occipital lobe
Which cranial nerves pass through the jugular foramen?
CN IX, CN X, CN XI
Trace eight steps in the flow of CSF, from the choroid plexus to the dural venous sinuses.
choroid plexus, lateral ventricle, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, subarachnoid space, arachnoid villi (site for resorption), dural venou sinuses
Where in the brain is fear conditioned?
amygdala
White matter in the spinal cord are divided into which three funiculi (columns)?
anterior, lateral and posterior funiculi
Which cranial nerves exit the brainstem caudal to the pons? (7)
CN VI-CN XII
Name the space that separates the arachnoid mater from the dura mater.
subdural space
CN XII exits from which location in the skull?
hypoglossal canal
Where in the spinal column are the two spinothalamic tracts located? Where do these tracts decussate?
both the anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts decussate at the level of the spinal cord.
Which cortex is found within the frontal lobe and is involved in planning complex cognitive behaviors?
prefrontal cortex
Name the three receptors in the anteriolateral system.
CN V-CN VIII
At what level does the adult spinal chord end?
L2
Where is the calcarine sulcus located and which other sulcus joins the calcarine sulcus at n acute angle?
located on the medial surface and is joined by the parieto-occipital sulcus
What is the main function of the reticulospinal tract?
simulation of midline and proximal extensor muscles
Name the chief function of the occipital lobe
vision
Which cranial nerves exit the brain stem rostral to the pons?
CN I- CN V
Name the structure that is located caudally on the brain stem and is within the myelencephalon.
medulla oblongata
What is a consequence of a lesion in the cerebellar hemisphere?
limb ataxia and intention tremor
Where is the central sulcus located?
between the precentral and postcentral gyri
What is a consequence of a lesion in Wernicke’s area?
sensory, (fluent, receptive) aphasia
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31
The third branch of CN V exits from which location of the skull?
foramen ovale
The hypothalamus contains afferent fibers that connect with which major structures? (3)
mesencephalon, limbic system and cerebellum
Which cranial nerves emerge from the pons?
CN V
Name the space that the spinal cord is located within.
subarachnoid space
Name the cranial nerves that innervate the facial muscles (extraocular muscles excluded)
trigeminal (CN V): mastication; facial (CN VII): facial movement
What is found in the subarachnoid space?
CSF
Where are the inferior cerebral preduncles located and what structures do they connect?
located posterior to the olives and connect the medulla to the cerebellum.
The brain stem is composed of which three structures?
midbrain, pons and medulla
‘Mi mi mi’ tests which CN?
CN VII - facial (innervation of lips)
What is the function of Broadman’s area 4 and where is it located?
execution of isolated movements on the contralateral side of the body. Primary motor area.
Which portion of the reticulospinal tract has a small crossed component.?
medullary
