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Cognitive Neuro > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

Composed of a cell body, dendrites, and usually one axon

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2
Q

Dendrite

A

Typically dendrites receive input

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3
Q

Axon

A

Typically axon transmits output to the next neuron

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4
Q

Neuron Cell Body

A

?

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5
Q

Synapse

A

where 2 neurons meet

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6
Q

Myelin

A

The thick coating along axons
•Allows action potentials to move
super fast thus facilitating rapid, efficient signals

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7
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

myelin disorder…..

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8
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

a chemical signal released into synapse by pre-

synaptic neuron & picked up by post-synaptic neuron

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9
Q

Different neurons are specialized for different neurotransmitters

A

FACT, true

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10
Q

Action Potential

A

?…

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11
Q

What are the 6 steps in the neuronal signaling pathway?

A
  • Pre-synaptic cell releases neurotransmitter
  • Neurotransmitter causes change in membrane of post-synaptic cell (depolarization)
  • Currents flow through cell

•If depolarization is large enough, triggers an all or
none action potential

  • Action potential propagates down axon
  • Axon releases neurotransmitter into next synapse
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12
Q

Gyrus

A

Bump in the cortex

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13
Q

Sulcus

A

Groove in the cortex

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14
Q

Gray Matter

A

Consists of cell bodies

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15
Q

Why is the cortex folded?

A

Provides the most bang for the buck…
~Large surface area in small space
~Reduce axonal distance & connection times

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16
Q

Dura

A

Protect the brain

Means hard

17
Q

What happens if blood flow is blocked to brain? (e.g. stroke, etc)

A

-Cortical areas supplied by that artery are damaged leading to cognitive functions being impaired

18
Q

What is the role of the ventricles?

A

Ventricles contain Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
which allows brain to “float”
-Helps regulate pressure
-Shock absorption

*Damage to ventricle system is dangerous

19
Q

Homunculus

A

“little man.”

representation of the somatosensory cortex.

20
Q

Tonotopic Map

A

think auditory

21
Q

Retinotopic Map

A

think Spatial Location, sight, visual

22
Q

Main functions of the cerebellum?

A

–Posture, walking, balance

–Smooth coordinated movements

23
Q

Main functions of the brainstem?

A

•Midbrain:
–Sensory & motor relays
–Reflexes
–Neurotransmitter regulation

•Medulla & Pons
–Cranial nerves
–Motor, sensory, vestibular, arousal

•Cerebellum
–Posture, walking, balance
–Smooth coordinated movements

24
Q

Main functions of the thalamus?

A

–Sensory relay station
–Receives input from (and sends output to) basal ganglia, cerebellum, medial temporal lobe, frontal/parietal
– Different parts of thalamus go to
different parts of cortex

25
Q

Main functions of the hippocampus?

A

memory and learning

26
Q

Main functions of the basal ganglia?

A
  • Circuits for motor control, learning, cognitive functions

* Dopamine pathways: Parkinson’s, Huntington’s

27
Q

Main functions of the limbic system?

A

Emotional processing, learning, memory

28
Q

Main functions of the frontal cortex?

A

“Executive functioning”: Reasoning, judgment, motor planning & control, memory, decision making, impulse control, higherorder functions

29
Q

Main functions of the parietal cortex?

A
  • Multiple Sensory Modalities
  • Integrate Sensory & Motor
  • Allocation Attention
30
Q

Main functions of the Heschl’s gyrus?

A

Auditory, found in the Temporal lobe.

31
Q

Main functions of the occipital cortex?

A

Vision

32
Q

Heschl’s gyrus uses what kind of organization?

A

Tonotopic maps

33
Q

What is the “Deep Nuclei”?

A

nickname for the basal ganglia

34
Q

What is the “Seahorse”?

A

nickname for the Hippocampus

35
Q

What is sometimes considered the 5th lobe?

A

the Limbic System

36
Q

What is the “Gateway to the cortex”?

A

nickname for the Thalamus

37
Q

Where are the Association Cortices located?

A

in the Parietal lobe

38
Q

The Occipital lobe uses what kind of organization?

A

Retinotopic maps (spatial location)

Cognitive Neuro (14 decks)

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