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Anatomy II > Neuroanatomy > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cell anchors neurons close to capillaries in the CNS?

A

Astrocytes

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2
Q

What type of cell protects neurons and can turn into macrophages in the CNS?

A

Microglia

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3
Q

What cells line the brain cavity and spinal cord cavity?

A

Ependymal cells

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4
Q

What cells form myelin sheaths around neurons in the CNS?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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5
Q

What cells sorround neuron cell bodies in the PNS?

A

Satallite cells

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6
Q

What cells form myelin sheaths around larger neurons in the PNS?

A

Schwann cells

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7
Q

What are the lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and insula

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8
Q

What cells allow control of skeletal muscles?

A

Pyramidal cells

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9
Q

What does the premotor cortex do?

A

Helps plan movement, can coordinate several muscle groups at the same time.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of Broca’s area?

A

Control muscles that produce speech

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11
Q

What cortex is responsible for balance?

A

Vestibular cortex

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12
Q

What is the cortex responsible for smell?

A

Olfactory cortex

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13
Q

What cortex is responsible for taste?

A

Gustatory cortext

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14
Q

What cortex is responsible for viseral feelings?

A

Visceral sensory cortex

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15
Q

Spinal nerves are classified as ____

A

Mixed nerves

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16
Q

What cranial nerve carries only motor information?

A

Abducens nerve

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17
Q

The sciatic nerve is the combination of which 2 nerves?

A

common fibular and tibial

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18
Q

What is the function of spinocerebellar tracts?

A

carry information of muscle or tendon stretch to the cerebellum

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19
Q

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________.

A

lateral sulcus

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20
Q

Nerve axons are surrounded by a loose connective tissue layer called the ___.

A

endoneurium

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21
Q

What is a benefit of a nerve plexus?

A

If one nerve is damaged, all functions are not cut off from the responding area.

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22
Q

The posterior side of the thigh, leg, and foot is served by the ________ nerve.

A

Tibial

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23
Q

The brain area that regulates activities that control the state of wakefulness or alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ________.

A

Recticular formation

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24
Q

Which brain structure functions to control the autonomic nervous system and to regulate body temperature?

A

Hypothalamus

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25
What sense is handled by the limbic association area?
Sense of danger
26
If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?
complete loss in volentary movement
27
Second-order neurons of ascending pathways that contribute to sensory perception terminate in the ________.
thalamus
28
Third-order interneurons in the sensory pathway relay ascending information from the
thalamus to specific sensory areas of the cortex
29
Dermatome maps are...
Areas of the skin that are associated with a certain spinal nerve
30
Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4 to S4 form the ________.
Sacral plexus
31
The trochlear nerve is a motor nerve that innervates the ____.
superior oblique of the eye.
32
The large commissure that connects the right and left sides of the brain is called the ________.
corpus callosum
33
Loss of ability to perform skilled motor activities such as piano playing, with no paralysis or weakness in specific muscles, might suggest damage to the ________.
premotor cortex
34
The two longitudinal ridges on the medulla oblongata where many descending fibers cross over are called the ________.
pyramids
35
What does the cerebral white matter contain?
Fibres that connect opposing or different areas of the brain.
36
What is the purpose of projection fibres?
To connect the cortex to the rest of the nervous system.
37
What is the role of the basal nuclei?
projects to premotor & prefrontal cortices to influence muscle movements directed by primary motor cortex
38
What is the role of the thalamus?
Takes in impulses from body and distributes them to the cortext. The gateway to the cerebral cortext
39
What connects the thalamus to the cortex?
the interthalamic adhesion
40
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
Handles many autonomic activity in the body such as thermoregulation, cardiac rythm, etc.
41
What is the role of the epithalamus?
Regulates sleep schedule (melatonin production)
42
What is the role of the brain stem?
Rigidly programmed survival responses such as reflexes.
43
What are the three areas of the brain stem?
The midbrain, the Pons and the Medula oblongata
44
What is the role of the medula oblongata?
Cadiac centres, respiratory rythm and other survival actions and reflexes.
45
What is the role of the cerebellum?
"Muscle memory"
46
What is the role of the limbic system?
Emotions and memory
47
What is the role of the reticular formation?
Filters stimuli
48
What is the cauda equina?
The cauda equina is a group of nerves and nerve roots stemming from the distal end of the spinal cord.
49
What are the lateral horns?
sympathetic motor neurons to visceral organs; also exit via ventral roots
50
What are the 3 CT layers that protect the brain?
The dura, arachnoid and pia mater
51
What is a Choroid Plexus?
clusters of capillaries sourrounded by pia mater and a layer of ependymal cells which produce spinal fluid.
52
What area of the blood-brain barrier is very permiable?
Near vomiting centre to detect toxic substances.
53
What is the Endoneurium?
loose connective tissue that encloses axons + their myelin or neurilemma sheath
54
What is the perineurium?
coarse connective tissue that bundles fibers into fascicles
55
What is the epineurium?
tough fibrous sheath around a nerve
56
What is the role of the olfactory cranial nerves?
Smell
57
What is the role of the optic nerves?
Sight
58
What is the role of the oculomotor nerves?
Eye movement
59
What is the role of the trochlear nerves?
Controls superior oblique muscle of the eye.
60
What is the role of the trigemenial nerves?
Opthalmic division: nose and eyes (sensory) Maxillary division: upper jaw and teeth Mandibular division: lower jaw and teeth
61
What is the role of the abducens nerve?
abducts eyeball
62
What is the role of the vestibulocochlear nerves?
Hearing
63
What is the role of the facial nerves?
Taste, tears, saliva, motor and sensory receptors in the face.
64
What is the role of the glossopharnygeal nerves?
Tongue pharynx. Swallowing, gagging etc
65
What is the role of the vagus nerve?
Goes beyond head, regulates parasympathetic actions of the internal organs like heart, lungs, stomach etc
66
What is the role of the accessory nerves?
Head and neck movement primarily
67
What is the role of the hypoglossal nerves?
Primary mover of tongue.
68
What is the difference between ramus and root?
Ramus means branch, root is directly connected to the spinal cord and ramus branches off and out.
69
What is the role of the phrenic nerve?
Part of the cervical plexus, responsible for control of the diaphram.
70
What is the role of the Axillary nerve?
deltoid muscle
71
What is the role of the musculocutaneous nerve?
biceps brachii and brachialis
72
What is the role of the median nerve?
flexor muscles in anterior forearm and palm.
73
What is the role of the lumbar plexus?
Innervates thigh, abdominal wall and psoas muscle
74
What is the role of the sacral plexus?
buttock, lower limb, pelvic structures and perineum.

Anatomy II (10 decks)

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