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Anatomy II > Neuro Written > Flashcards

Neuro Written Flashcards

1
Q

Ridge directly anterior to central sulcus

A

Motor Cortex (Precentral gyrus)

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2
Q

Ridge directly posterior to central sulcus

A

Somatosensory Cortex (Postcentral gyrus)

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3
Q

Groove separating the frontal and parietal lobes

A

Central Sulcus

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4
Q

Groove separating frontal and parietal lobes from the temporal lobe

A

Sylvian Fissure (Lateral Sulcus)

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5
Q

Comprehension preserved, but language output is impaired and “non-fluent”

A

Broca’s Aphasia

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6
Q

Comprehension is severely impaired, while language is fluent

A

Wernicke’s Aphasia

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7
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

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8
Q

3 layers of meninges

A

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

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9
Q

Arachnoid mater + pia mater = ?

A

Leptomeninges

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10
Q

Extension of dura mater that separates the cerebral hemispheres

A

Falx Cerebri

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11
Q

Extension of dura mater that separates the cerebellum from the occipital lobes

A

Tortorium Cerebelli

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12
Q

Large white matter connection

A

Corpus Callosum

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13
Q

In anterior circulation, blood supply to the anterior portion of the brain comes from:

A

Internal carotid arteries
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Middle Cerebral Artery

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14
Q

In posterior circulation, blood supply to the occipital lobes, cerebellum, and brainstem comes from:

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  • Basilar Artery
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery
  • Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
  • Superior Cerebellar Artery
  • Posterior Cerebral Artery
  • Posterior Communicating Artery
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15
Q

Off of what artery does the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery branch from?

A

Vertebral Artery

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16
Q

Off of what artery does the Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery branch from?

A

Basilar Artery

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17
Q

Off of what artery does the Superior Cerebellar Artery branch from?

A

Basilar Artery

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18
Q

Off of what artery does the Posterior Cerebral Artery branch from?

A

Basilar Artery

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19
Q

Off of what artery does the Anterior Cerebral Artery branch from?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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20
Q

Off of what artery does the Middle Cerebral Artery branch from?

A

Internal Carotid Artery

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21
Q

Circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to brain and surrounding structures

A

Circle of Willis

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22
Q

Network of arteries that run up brainstem and supply blood to spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum

A

Vertebral-Basilar System

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23
Q

Off of what artery does the Vertebral Artery branch from?

A

Subclavian Artery

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24
Q

Arterial lesion due to weaknesses or defects in the vessel wall at forks or branch points

A

Cerebral aneurysm

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25
Q

Bony structure within the base of the skull that the basilar artery rests upon

A

Arcuate foramen

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26
Q

Which cranial nerves exit at the ponto-medullary junction?

A

CN VI (Abducens), CN VII (Facial), and CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear)

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27
Q

Where is CN III at greatest risk for injury?

A

Ponto-medullary junction

28
Q

Tapered, lower end of the spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris

29
Q

Where does the conus medullaris occur?

A

L1-L2

30
Q

Delicate strand of fibrous tissue proceeding inferiorly from the conus medullaris

A

Filum terminale

31
Q

The filum terminale is a modification of ___ ____

A

Pia mater

32
Q

A fracture that causes the skull to indent or extend into the brain cavity

A

Depressed skull fracture

33
Q

A fracture where the skull is broken into three or more sections

A

Comminuted skull fracture

34
Q

A brain contusion that is football-shaped

A

Epidural Hematoma

35
Q

A epidural hematoma involves shearing of the ________________

A

Middle Meningeal Artery

36
Q

A brain contusion that is crescent-shaped

A

Subdural Hematoma

37
Q

A subdural hematoma involves shearing of the _______________

A

Bridging Veins

38
Q

Which cranial nerve would be compressed by a large saccular aneurysm at the branch point of the basilar artery/PCA?

A

Oculomotor - CN III

39
Q

Which cranial nerve would be compressed by a large saccular aneurysm at the branch point of the basilar artery/superior cerebellar artery?

A

Oculomotor - CN III

40
Q

Failure of neural tube closure; limited to the region of the posterior neuropor

A

Myelomeningocele

the biggest problem

41
Q

Protrusion of the meninges through a gap in the spinal cord

A

Meningocele

42
Q

What is the most common location of a meningocele?

A

At the posterior neuropore

43
Q

What tissues are contained in a meningocele?

A

CNS, CSF (spinal cord and meninges), skin

44
Q

Underlying congenital bony defect in a meningocele

A

Spina bifida

45
Q

A malformation of one or more vertebrae that involves a lack of arch (usually in the lumbar region)

A

Spina Bifida Occulta

46
Q

What structure in the cerebrum is essential in memory function?

A

Hippocampus

47
Q

One of the largest nuclei in the brain. Is depigmented in some neurodegenerative disorders

A

Substantia Nigra

48
Q

Where are the substantia nigra located?

A

Midbrain

49
Q

The corticospinal tract is consolildated in the midbrain within what structures?

A

Peduncles

50
Q

The corticospinal tract is consolidated in the medulla within what structures?

A

Pyramids

51
Q

Normal volume of CSF

A

150 mL

52
Q

Normal volume of CSF in the ventricular system

A

25 mL

53
Q

How much new CSF is produced each day?

A

500 mL

54
Q

Enlarged ventricles due to the obstruction of the bulk flow of CSF

A

Hydrocephalus

55
Q

When an obstruction is within the ventricular system, creating hydrocephalus

A

Noncommunicating hydrocephalus

56
Q

When an obstruction is within the subarachnoid space or arachnoid villi, creating hydrocephalus

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

57
Q

Which form of hydrocephalus is produced as a complication of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

58
Q

Ventriculomegaly that results from a loss of brain tissue (brain atrophy). Not related to a blockage of CSF flow, not associated with increased ICP

A

Hydrocephalus ex vacuo

59
Q

Common causes of hydrocephalus (4):

A

Aqueductal stenosis, congenital malformations, postinflammatory/posthemorrhagic, tumors

60
Q

How is increased intracranial pressure presented clinically?

A

Headache, N/V, papilledema (swelling of optic disc)

61
Q

Causes of increased ICP (5):

A

Mass lesion (hematoma, neoplasm, abscess), hydrocephalus, diffuse brain edema, obstruction, idiopathic intracranial hypertension

62
Q

Controls brain’s extracellular environment by regulating movement of molecules from blood into brain’s extracellular space and CSF

A

Blood Brain Barrier

63
Q

Increase in brain volume due to an increase in fluid

A

Brain edema –> fluid may be intracellular or extracellular

64
Q

Failure of closure of the entire neural tube in development

A

Craniorachischisis totalis

65
Q

Failure of neural tube closure is limited to region of the anterior neuropore

A

Anencephaly

Anatomy II (4 decks)

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