Neuro Tutorials - UNIT 6 Flashcards
What are the 3 cell types , where are they found?
What are the 4 supporting cells? Where are the found? What is their function?
What are the 5 regions of the spinal cord?
What is the Cauda equina?
What is the Conus medullaris?
- Cauda Equina: The collection of nerves at the end of the spinal cord
Label how the CNS meets the PNS.
What are the key differences between:
Cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord regions?
What does a simple reflex arc look like?
Label the sympathetic chain.
- The sympathetic chain is formed of motor neurones so they leave the spinal cord via..?
- Where does the pre-ganglionic sympathetic nerves arise from?
- Where does the post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres arise from?
- Ventral route
- Lateral horn of the spinal cord grey matter (T1-L2)
3.
- Sympathetic chain
- Prevertebral ganglia
Sympathetic chain.. Explain.
- Synapse in a ganglion at the same spinal level
Sympathetic chain.. Explain.
- Ascend or Descend to a different level of the sympathetic chain before or after synapsing in a ganglion.
Sympathetic chain.. Explain.
- Synapse in a ganglion but leave the sympathetic chain medially to reach thoracic organs (lungs+heart)
Sympathetic chain.. Explain.
- Only abdominal organs
-Does NOT synapse in sympathetic chain… leaves medially and synapse in a pre-aortic ganglion to reach abdominal organs.
> Post-ganglionics travel with blood vessels to target organs.
What makes up the parasympathetic NS?
-Cranial nerves 3,7,9,10
-Splanchnic nerves S2,3,4
Compare the somatic NS and Autonomic NS.
- Left = Somatic
- Right = Autonomic (sympathetic + parasympathetic)
Label anterior dermatomes.
Label posterior dermatomes.
Label the myotomes and their rhymes.
How is the NS structurally split?
How is the NS functionally split?
What are the 3 layers of the meningies?
- At what point do they fuse.. if they do?
- Dura + Arachnoid mater S2
- Pia mater L1/L2
Label the lateral view of the brain.
What are the 3 fossa of the brain?
Label the Circle of Willis.
Label the circle of willis in situ.
What arteries supply the anterior, middle and posterior parts of the brain?
- Anterior cerebral artery primarily supplies medial surface
- Middle cerebral artery primarily supplies the lateral surface of the brain
- Posterior cerebral artery supplies the posterior of the brain
What us the arterial and venous drainage of the spinal cord?
Label posterior brainstem.
What is the function of the cerebellar peduncles?
- Transmit signals from cerebral cortex to CNS
Label anterior brainstem.
What is the function of brainstem?
- Breathing
- HR
- Autonomic function
How does brainstem communicate with :
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
- Spinal cord
How does the brainstem leave the skull?
- Cerebrum: Midbrain
- Cerebellum: Cerebellar peduncles
- Spinal cord: Medulla oblongata
*Foramen magnum in the posterior cranial fossa
What is 2244 in relation to cranial nerve origins?
CNI + CNII come from cerebral hemisphere
Label the following cranial nerves.
Label the skull Formina and their contents.
Label the motor spinal pathway.
Label the sensory spinal pathways.
What are the 3 landmarks on medullar oblongata?
- Upper medulla: “Olives”
- Middle medulla posteriorly: Cuneate/Gracile tubercle .. bump of cell bodies e.g. gracile nucleus
- Lower medulla: Decussation of pyramids
What happens in the CORTICOSPINAL pathway?
-Axial
-Limb
Cell body locations:
- Primary/ Upper motor neurone: Primary central cortex
- Secondary/ Lower motor neurone: Ventral horn of grey matter
What happens in SPINOTHALAMIC pathway?
Cell body locations:
- Primary: Dorsal root ganglion
- Secondary: Dorsal horn of grey matter
DECUSSATION via: Ventral white commissure
- Tertiary: Thalamus
What happens in DORSAL COLUMN MEDIAL LEMNISCUS pathway?
Cell body locations:
- Primary: Dorsal root ganglion
- Secondary: Gracile/ Cuneate nucleus
DECUSSATION via internal arcuate fibres
-Tertiary: Thalamus
Label cross-section of midbrain.
Label cross-section of PONS.
Label cross- section of Upper medulla.
Label cross-section of Middle medulla.
Label cross-section of lower medulla.
