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Pathophys Neurology Test > Neuro Structure and Function > Flashcards

Neuro Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Microtubules are fo..

A

transportation

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2
Q

neurofibrils are for..

A

structure

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3
Q

nissil substances are for..

A

protein synthesis - large granules in neuron body from RER

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4
Q

Nodes of ranvier

A

regular interruptions of myelin sheath

salutatory conduction

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5
Q

what is most common neuron structure

A

multipolar

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6
Q

Neurons are structurally classified on the basis of…

A

the number of processes extending from the cell body

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7
Q

3 function neuron classifications

A

sensory, interneurons, motor neurons

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8
Q

the majority of our neurons are

A

interneurons

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9
Q

4 kids of neuroglia

A

astrocytes
oligodendroglia
microglia
ependymal

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10
Q

what is wallerian degeration

A

occurs in PNS - when distal myelin sheath shrinks and disintegrates ..if lucky can lead to creating a tube to guide regeneration

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11
Q

regeneration in CNS

A

does not occur

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12
Q

8 excitatory NT

A 
acetylcholine 
aspartate 
dopamine 
Histamine 
norepinephrine 
Epinephrin 
Glutamate 
Serotonin
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13
Q

2 inhibitory NT

A

GABA

Glycine

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14
Q

astrocyte role

A

fill spaces between neurons and surround BV in CNS

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15
Q

oligodendroglia

A

akak oligodendrocytes = deposit myelin within the CNS

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16
Q

ependymal cells

A

line CSF filled cavities of CNS and create CSF

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17
Q

microglia

A

remove debris in CNS, brain macrophages

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18
Q

schwann cells

A

glial cells that wrap around and cover PNS axons - form and maintain myelin

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19
Q

most brain cell connections are made in __

A

first year of life,

80% by age 3

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20
Q

___ percent of nutrition is taken up by brain in first year

A

60%

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21
Q

wallerian degeneration

A

in the PNS: distal to an incision the distal myelin shrinks ..schwann cells will try to create a tube to guide regeneration otherwise lose axon

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22
Q

excitiation means postsynaptic neuron is…

A

depolarized (EPSP)

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23
Q

inhibition means postsynaptic neuron is ..

A

hyperpolarized (IPSP)

24
Q

___determines if a AP occurs

A

summation of EPSP and IPSP

25
Q

2 ways NT removed from synaptic cleft

A

reuptake or degradation

26
Q

___ is always the first signaler on efferent pathways to peripheral nervous system

27
Q

__ breaks Ach down into acCoA and ___

A

acetylcholinesterase (AChe)

AcCoA and choline

28
Q

catecholamines include ___ and are made from..

A

DA, Epi, NE

made from tyrosine

29
Q

catecholamines are broken down in synaptic cleft by..

A

MAO: monoamine oxidase

30
Q

serotonin is made from —-

A

tryptophan

31
Q

serotonin is ___ in muscle (motor) pathways and inhibitory in __ pathways

A

excitatory - motor

inhibitiory - sensory

32
Q

endogenous opoids are acutally ___

A

short polypeptides

33
Q

choline is an essential nutrient found in ___

A

eggs, beans, nuts, grains, and mnay veggies

34
Q

ACH uses:

A
  1. all efferent msgs from CNS use this as first NT
  2. Somatic NS - ACH acts on skeletal muscles
  3. NE or EPi is the second transmitter in the sympathetic SNS
35
Q

frontal lobe

A

conscious control, motion, emotional control center, word association, primary motor cortex here

36
Q

premotor cortex

A

planning and map out motor mvmts to make and inhibits excess mvmt

37
Q

primary motor

A

conveys actual info to make mvmt

38
Q

temporal

A 
hearing, memory association  
auditory 
olfactory 
visual associative regions 
memory 
emotional and social associative
39
Q

hippocampus

A

memory storage

40
Q

brocas area

A

word motor - expression

41
Q

wernike’s

A

word meaning - reception and interpretation of speech

42
Q

parietal lobe

A

touch and sense integration

visual attention, manipulation of objects, controls reading, touch perception

43
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex, perception center

receives projections from lateral genic thalamus

44
Q

brain stem aka__

A

hind brain

45
Q

Brain stem made up of:

A

medulla oblongata, cerebellum and pons

46
Q

cerebellum

A

mvmt, conscious and unconscious musle

47
Q

cerebellar damage

A

presents on the IPSILATERAL side - loss of equilibrium, balance, and motor coordination

48
Q

medulla oblongata

A

last part of the brain before reaching the spinal cord

function: cough, gag, swall
* cardiac center
* respiratory center

49
Q

PONS

A

sleep/wake

relay information

50
Q

midbrain

A

basic life support and mvmt

substantia nigria found here

51
Q

thalamus

A

association relay station

52
Q

hypothalamus

A

unconscious regulation
release of hormones: growth, prolactin, thyroid etc
complex moods: anger, fatigue

53
Q

basal ganglia

A

mvmt control :

caudate, putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus

54
Q

corpus callosum aka

A

commissural fibers

55
Q

limbic system

A

primitive behavioral responses, expression of affect

consolidation of memory

Pathophys Neurology Test (5 decks)

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