Neuro quiz 2-23

Question 1

What do beta-2 receptor blockers do?

Answer 1

cause bronchoconstriction and wheezing

Question 2

What is Dantrolene? How does it work? What is it used for?

Answer 2

a muscle relaxant that works on the ryanodine receptor to prevent further release of Ca++ into the cytoplasm of muscle fibers tx for malignant hyperthermia

Question 3

What is haloperidol? How does it work?

Answer 3

a neuroleptic drug blocks DA receptors in the CNS; also has anticholinergic and antihistamine properties

Question 4

What are the major SEs of carbamazepine?

Answer 4

agranulocytosis aplastic anemia

Question 5

What are the s/s of angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 5

unilateral, severe eye pain visual disturbances (halos) * Inuit and Asian decent @ increased risk

Question 6

What is the tx for combined tonic-clonic AND absence seizures?

Answer 6

valproate

Question 7

How do ACE inhibitors work?

Answer 7

decrease BP and cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Question 8

What drug can be given in berry aneurism/subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent neuro sequelae?

Answer 8

Ca++ channel blocker

Question 9

Name the drug: inhibits neuronal high-freq firing of APs by blocking Na+ channels and prolonging their rate of recovery

Answer 9

Phenytoin

Question 10

What are methyldopa and clonidine?

Answer 10

central sympatholytics

Question 11

What is Baclofen? How does it work?

Answer 11

a GABA-B receptor agonist decreases excitability of spinal cord reflexes

Question 12

What SEs of atropine occur in the eyes?

Answer 12

mydriasis –> narrowing of anterior chamber angle –> diminished aqueous humor outflow –> angle closure GLAUCOMA cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation)

Question 13

Name 2 central sympatholytics.

Answer 13

methyldopa clonidine

Question 14

What is Nortriptyline?

Answer 14

a TCA

Question 15

What is diazepam? How does it work?

Answer 15

long acting benzo increases freq of Cl- channel opening –> facilitates GABA action

Question 16

What is the tx for Jimson Weed poisoning?

Answer 16

physostigmine

Question 17

How do beta blockers work?

Answer 17

inhibit the neurotransmitter-receptor interaction at adrenergic synapses

Question 18

What is the tx for malignant hyperthermia? How does it work?

Answer 18

Dantrolene a muscle relaxant that works on the ryanodine receptor to prevent further release of Ca++ into the cytoplasm of muscle fibers

Question 19

Dx? Belladonna alkaloid toxins = anticholinergic –> blockade of visceral muscarinic receptors –> tachycardia, cutaneous flushing, decreased secretions, bronchodilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, hallucinations, delirium

Answer 19

Jimson Weed poisoning

Question 20

What is benztropine? How does it work?

Answer 20

centrally acting anti-muscarinic treats Parkinsons

Question 21

Name the drug: a neuroleptic drug that blocks DA receptors in the CNS; also has anticholinergic and antihistamine properties

Answer 21

Haloperidol

Question 22

Even after tx with atropine, pts with organophosphate poisoning are still at risk for _____.

Answer 22

muscle paralysis

Question 23

Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia are the most feared SEs of ______.

Answer 23

carbamazepine

Question 24

Name the drug: a GABA-B receptor agonist that decreases excitability of spinal cord reflexes

Answer 24

Baclofen

Question 25

What is metoprolol?

Answer 25

selectiv Beta-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist

Question 26

What is duloxetine?

Answer 26

a NE reuptake inhibitor

Question 27

What are the general SEs of anticholinergics?

Answer 27

can't pee can't see can't spit can't shit

Question 28

What do beta-1 receptor blockers do?

Answer 28

decrease HR

Question 29

What is Nimodipine?

Answer 29

Ca++ channel blocker

Question 30

How does atropine work in MI/bradycardia?

Answer 30

blocks vagal influence on SA/AV node to increase HR

Question 31

How does Phenytoin work?

Answer 31

inhibits neuronal high-freq firing of APs by blocking Na+ channels and prolonging their rate of recovery

Question 32

How does Jimson Weed poisoning work?

Answer 32

produces Belladonna alkaloid toxins = anticholinergic --\> blockade of visceral muscarinic receptors --\> tachycardia, cutaneous flushing, decreased secretions, bronchodilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, hallucinations, delerium

Question 33

How does Ethosuxamide work?

Answer 33

blocks T-type Ca++ channels in thalamic neurons

Question 34

What is Levetiracetam?

Answer 34

an anti-epileptic

Question 35

What is the most effective monotherapy for muscle spasms of MS?

Answer 35

Baclofen (GABA-B receptor agonist) Tizanidine

Question 36

Name the drug class: stimulate alpha-2A receptors centrally --\> decrease sympathetic outflow --\> decrease BP, alpha, and beta sympathetic stimulation

Answer 36

central sympatholytics

Question 37

Name the drug: long acting benzo that increases freq of Cl- channel opening --\> facilitates GABA action

Answer 37

diazepam

Question 38

How does organophosphate poisoning work?

Answer 38

irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase at both muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic synapses --\> decrease degradation of ACh --\> increase ACh concentration in synaptic cleft --\> overstim of receptors --\> DUMBELS, fasciculations, paralysis

Question 39

Name the drug: a neuroleptic drug that blocks DA receptors in the CNS; also has anticholinergic and antihistamine properties

Answer 39

Benztropine

Question 40

Name the drug: blocks T-type Ca++ channels in thalamic neurons

Answer 40

ethosuxamide

Question 41

What is the tx for organophosphate poisoning?

Answer 41

atropine