Neuro quiz 2-23 Flashcards
What do beta-2 receptor blockers do?
cause bronchoconstriction and wheezing
What is Dantrolene? How does it work? What is it used for?
a muscle relaxant that works on the ryanodine receptor to prevent further release of Ca++ into the cytoplasm of muscle fibers tx for malignant hyperthermia
What is haloperidol? How does it work?
a neuroleptic drug blocks DA receptors in the CNS; also has anticholinergic and antihistamine properties
What are the major SEs of carbamazepine?
agranulocytosis aplastic anemia
What are the s/s of angle closure glaucoma?
unilateral, severe eye pain visual disturbances (halos) * Inuit and Asian decent @ increased risk
What is the tx for combined tonic-clonic AND absence seizures?
valproate
How do ACE inhibitors work?
decrease BP and cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
What drug can be given in berry aneurism/subarachnoid hemorrhage to prevent neuro sequelae?
Ca++ channel blocker
Name the drug: inhibits neuronal high-freq firing of APs by blocking Na+ channels and prolonging their rate of recovery
Phenytoin
What are methyldopa and clonidine?
central sympatholytics
What is Baclofen? How does it work?
a GABA-B receptor agonist decreases excitability of spinal cord reflexes
What SEs of atropine occur in the eyes?
mydriasis –> narrowing of anterior chamber angle –> diminished aqueous humor outflow –> angle closure GLAUCOMA cycloplegia (paralysis of accommodation)
Name 2 central sympatholytics.
methyldopa clonidine
What is Nortriptyline?
a TCA
What is diazepam? How does it work?
long acting benzo increases freq of Cl- channel opening –> facilitates GABA action
What is the tx for Jimson Weed poisoning?
physostigmine
How do beta blockers work?
inhibit the neurotransmitter-receptor interaction at adrenergic synapses
What is the tx for malignant hyperthermia? How does it work?
Dantrolene a muscle relaxant that works on the ryanodine receptor to prevent further release of Ca++ into the cytoplasm of muscle fibers
Dx? Belladonna alkaloid toxins = anticholinergic –> blockade of visceral muscarinic receptors –> tachycardia, cutaneous flushing, decreased secretions, bronchodilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, hallucinations, delirium
Jimson Weed poisoning
What is benztropine? How does it work?
centrally acting anti-muscarinic treats Parkinsons
Name the drug: a neuroleptic drug that blocks DA receptors in the CNS; also has anticholinergic and antihistamine properties
Haloperidol
Even after tx with atropine, pts with organophosphate poisoning are still at risk for _____.
muscle paralysis
Agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia are the most feared SEs of ______.
carbamazepine
Name the drug: a GABA-B receptor agonist that decreases excitability of spinal cord reflexes
Baclofen
What is metoprolol?
selectiv Beta-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist
What is duloxetine?
a NE reuptake inhibitor
What are the general SEs of anticholinergics?
can’t pee can’t see can’t spit can’t shit
What do beta-1 receptor blockers do?
decrease HR
What is Nimodipine?
Ca++ channel blocker
How does atropine work in MI/bradycardia?
blocks vagal influence on SA/AV node to increase HR
How does Phenytoin work?
inhibits neuronal high-freq firing of APs by blocking Na+ channels and prolonging their rate of recovery
How does Jimson Weed poisoning work?
produces Belladonna alkaloid toxins = anticholinergic –> blockade of visceral muscarinic receptors –> tachycardia, cutaneous flushing, decreased secretions, bronchodilation, hyperthermia, mydriasis, cycloplegia, hallucinations, delerium
How does Ethosuxamide work?
blocks T-type Ca++ channels in thalamic neurons
What is Levetiracetam?
an anti-epileptic
What is the most effective monotherapy for muscle spasms of MS?
Baclofen (GABA-B receptor agonist) Tizanidine
Name the drug class: stimulate alpha-2A receptors centrally –> decrease sympathetic outflow –> decrease BP, alpha, and beta sympathetic stimulation
central sympatholytics
Name the drug: long acting benzo that increases freq of Cl- channel opening –> facilitates GABA action
diazepam
How does organophosphate poisoning work?
irreversible inhibition of cholinesterase at both muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic synapses –> decrease degradation of ACh –> increase ACh concentration in synaptic cleft –> overstim of receptors –> DUMBELS, fasciculations, paralysis
Name the drug: a neuroleptic drug that blocks DA receptors in the CNS; also has anticholinergic and antihistamine properties
Benztropine
Name the drug: blocks T-type Ca++ channels in thalamic neurons
ethosuxamide
What is the tx for organophosphate poisoning?
atropine
