Neuro quiz 2

Question 1

touch

Answer 1

Many sensations (ощущений) blended (смешиваются) together and begins with skin

Question 2

skin

Answer 2

• largest and most heaviest organ
• provides boundary and is superheating inside from outside
• prevents dehydration and protects body from bacteria and dirt
• two forms: with hair and without (Glabourous)

Question 3

forms skin

Answer 3

Epidermis - death (гибель) skin cells

Dermis

Subcutaneous tissue (подкожная ткань)- fat and connective tissue

Question 4

somatosensory system

Answer 4

somatosensory system
- detects body sensations, including touch and pain

• stimuli location is determines by position of receptors activated (местоположение стимулов определяется положением активированных рецепторов)

The somatosensory system is a part of the SNC. It’s responsible for temperature, body position and pain.

overview of the somatosensory system:
Receptors: The process starts with sensory receptors in our skin, muscles, and other tissues. These receptors respond to different types of stimuli, such as heat, cold, pressure, and pain. They convert these stimuli into electrical signals that can be transmitted by the nervous system.

Question 5

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 5

• in skin, blood vessels, joint (суставах), internal organs
• sensation of bladder (мочевого пузыря) or stomach full, feeling of a gentle breeze (легкого ветра)
• wide variety of shape and size but have in common: Unmyelinated axons, contain sodium channels that respond to stretching -> ion channel open -> Ap

подробнее об этом: mechanoreceptors have unmyelinated axon terminals that contain ion channels sensitive to mechanical stretch. When these receptors are stimulated – for instance, when your skin is touched, or your bladder becomes full – the mechanical pressure causes these ion channels to open. This allows sodium ions to rush into the cell, creating a change in the electrical potential across the cell membrane. If this change (also known as a receptor potential) is large enough, it triggers an action potential – an electrical signal that travels along the sensory neuron to the spinal cord and brain, where it’s interpreted as a sensation.

Question 6

Types of mechanoreceptors (chat gpt)

Answer 6

Pacinian Corpuscles: These receptors are sensitive to pressure and vibration. They’re found deep in the skin as well as in other tissues like the fascia, joint capsules, and visceral organs.

Meissner’s Corpuscles: found in the upper layers of the skin and are sensitive to light touch and vibration.

Merkel Cells: These are slow-adapting receptors found in the skin and hair follicles. They’re sensitive to pressure and texture.

Ruffini Endings: found in both the skin and the joint capsules. They respond to sustained pressure and stretching of the skin, and provide feedback for the sense of position and movement of the joints (ощущения положения и движения суставов).

Baroreceptors: found in the walls of blood vessels and the heart. They detect changes in blood pressure.

Stretch Receptors: found in the lungs, the bladder, and the gastrointestinal tract. They monitor the degree of stretch of these organs.

Question 7

Encapsulation

Answer 7

• physical properster -> has or has not
• capsulated: Meissners corpuscles & Pacinian Corpuscles
• non capsulated: Merkels disk & Ruffini endings

Encapsulated Mechanoreceptors have one or more layers of connective tissue wrapped (обернутых) around the nerve ending. This structure allows these receptors to respond to more fine-tuned (онко настроенные) types of mechanical stimulation.