NEURO/PSYCH MCQ Flashcards
- Who is the most likely to be at risk of completed suicide?
a. A teenage girl brought in to the doctor by a concerned mother
b. A middle aged female who is visibly very distressed
c. A young depressed person who is asked about their suicidal ideation
d. An old male who is a widower and estranged from his children
e. A middle aged man who misuses alcohol and has a large gambling debt
d.An old male who is a widower and estranged from his children
- Which one of the following presentations is most suggestive of a manic episode?
a. An older woman who wears lots of make up and low cut tops
b. A young man who has completed his HSC and parties very hard at schoolies
c. A woman in her late 20s who previously had depression severe enough to require voluntary hospitalisation who in the last 4 days has been unable to sleep, staying up to work on various projects that she thinks will change the world
d. A middle aged man who is very into expensive sports cars
e. A young woman who comes from a conservative family who has a life long interest in dirt biking and wants to compete in competitions despite her family’s objections
c.A woman in her late 20s who previously had depression severe enough to require voluntary hospitalisation who in the last 4 days has been unable to sleep, staying up to work on various projects that she thinks will change the world
- Which of the following is included in the criteria for diagnosing PTSD?
a. Restless sleep after a recent family death
b. Is present to a degree in all those who have ever experienced trauma
c. Symptoms present for at least 1 month
d. Trauma may include seeing something traumatic happen on television
e. Symptoms present for at least 1 year
c. Symptoms present for at least 1 month
- Egodystonic thoughts are thoughts that are inconsistent with a person’s ideal self image and personal goals
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- Which of the following symptoms are most concerning for a subarachnoid haemorrhage?
a. A headache associated with fever
b. A headache that interferes with daily function
c. The worst headache ever experienced by an elderly man
d. A sudden onset one sided headed with associated vomitting
e. A headache that lasts all day
c. The worst headache ever experienced by an elderly man
- A headache that is described as shooting in nature and triggered by touch is suggestive of
a. Tension headache
b. Giant cell arteritis
c. Sinusitis
d. Migraine
e. Trigeminal neuralgia
e. Trigeminal neuralgia
- Which one of the following can be a cause for delirium in the elderly with Alzheimer’s disease?
a. Dementia
b. Constipation
c. Drugs used to treat the memory symptoms of dementia
d. A visit from close family members
e. Gluten in the diet
b. Constipation• Symptoms of autism
• No two people with autism are alike, but many parents notice signs of the disorder when their child does not meet certain developmental milestones, typically between 18 months and 3 years of age. For instance, the child may have problems with eye contact, responding to his or her name or engaging in imaginative play.
• Caregivers may also notice that their child does not appear to enjoy engaging and interacting with others, said Mayada Elsabbagh, an assistant professor in psychiatry at McGill University in Quebec, Canada.
• However, mild forms of the disorder may not become apparent until the child is older, and some people are not diagnosed until adulthood.
• “They may not be detectible until the child starts reaching school age and starts having specific types of challenges that highlight some of the social and communication problems that they have,” Elsabbagh told Live Science.
Diagnosis of autism
o The diagnostic process is different for every person with autism. In some cases, pediatricians may use an autism screen, often a short yes-or-no survey that looks for signs of autism, to see whether a child may be at risk for the disorder. If the child screens positive, the family may receive a referral to a specialist for a diagnostic evaluation.
o When diagnosing autism, specialists rely on both direct observational information and parent report data about the child’s behavior, said Elsabbagh, who encouraged parents to keep a detailed developmental records of their children’s growth.
o “For older children, some clinicians will seek input from the child’s school, peers — how they interact in the settings outside their home,” she said. “What they’re trying to do is compile and put together these different sources of information and integrate them to figure out if this a child with autism or, alternatively, does this child have a general developmental delay that is not specific to autism?”
o A thorough team of clinicians may also diagnose additional disorders that often accompany autism, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), intellectual disability, epilepsy and depression, she added.
o People with certain genetic disorders, such as fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis complex and Angelman syndrome, also tend to have autism, experts say.
Treatment of autism
o There is no cure for autism spectrum disorders. However, there are behavioral and educational therapies that may help reduce symptoms.
- Multiple sclerosis may be the underlying diagnosis in a young female with 2 weeks of numbness in her right arm then a year later weakness in her legs
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- What are some features consistent with Parkinson’s disease
The main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are:
• tremor or shaking, which usually begins in one arm or hand
• muscle rigidity or stiffness
• slowing of movement
• stooped posture
• balance problems.
• Parkinson’s can also cause pain, depression and problems with memory and sleep.
• There is no cure for Parkinson’s disease. However, symptoms can be treated with a combination of the following:
o medicines to increase or substitute for dopamine
o a healthy diet with regular exercise
o modifications to the physical environment at home and workbrain surgery.
