2. ENT Flashcards
What is an indication for grommets?
a. previous ear infection complicated by mastoiditis
b. ear pain > 2 days
c. language delay
d. 2 ear infections a year
language delay
A Weber test lateralising to the left ear (louder in the left ear), followed by a Rinne positive in the right ear means:
a. left ear sensorineural hearing loss
b. right ear sensorineural hearing loss
c. left ear conductive hearing loss
d. right ear conductive hearing loss
right ear sensorineural hearing loss
A positive Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre is diagnostic of
a. benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
b. central cause of vertigo
c. meniere’s disease
d.vestibular neuritis
benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
A pus-sy otorrhoea (ear discharge) is highly suggestive of the following:
a. it is a non-specific sign
b. foreign body
c. otitis media with perforation
d. cholesteatoma
it is a non-specific sign
Temporal arteritis is a medical emergency because:
a. it is associated with ischemic heart disease
b. it is sight threatening
c. it causes jaw claudication
d. it is associated with polymyalgia rheumatics
it is sight threatening
Which one of the following is a function of nasal turbinates?
a.to create turbulent air flow
b. to protect the airways during swallowing
c. to cool air before it enters the lungs
d. to enhance taste
They project into the nasal passages as ridges of tissue. The turbinates help warm and moisturize air as it flows through the nose. The inferior turbinates can block nasal airflow when they are enlarged.
Which one of the following correctly matches Hutchinson’s sign to the underlying disease and appropriate immediate management?
a. shingles of the ear, antivirals
b. herpes simplex of the lips, antivirals
c. herpes simplex of the genitals, antivirals
d.shingles of the ophthalmic nerve, ophthalmology review
shingles of the ophthalmic nerve, ophthalmology review
What is abnormal about this oropharynx?
a. Dental abscess
b. Crooked teeth
c. Benign bony overgrowth midline of the hard palate
d. Loss of normal papillae on tongue due to vitamin deficiency
Benign bony overgrowth midline of the hard palate
Palatal petechiae might be suspicious of which of the following?
a. shingles
b. dental abscess
c. sexual abuse in a child
d. primary herpes simplex infection
sexual abuse in a child
Which of the following is a reasonable first line treatment option for allergic rhinitis?
a. desensitisation
b. oral steroids
c. intranasal steroids
d. allergy specialist referral
intranasal steroids
The aim of treatment of rosacea is to prevent what complication?
a. rhinophyma
b. scarring
c. skin cancer
d. acne
rhinophyma
Which of the following is a red flag for an enlarged cervical lymph node?
a. bilateral
b. concurrent upper respiratory tract infection
c. tenderness
d. persists longer than 1 month
persists longer than 1 month
Why are children of Aboriginal and Torres Trait Islander from rural areas more prone to ear infections?
a. swimming in natural bodies of water
b. more likely to have been breastfed
c. spend more time outdoors
d. crowded living conditions
crowded living conditions
How would you manage this lesion?
Cryotherapy
This therapy utilizes extreme cold temperatures to treat the lesion.
Vermilionectomy (lip shave)
This is a surgical procedure for precancerous lesions of the lips, involving the excision of the lip layer under proper anesthesia.
Laser therapy
This therapy employs a particular wavelength of light that interacts with the lip tissue to treat AC.
What are some questions you would ask someone who has recurrent oral thrush?
Do you smoke?
Do you ewear dentures?
Are you stressed?
Do you suffer from: Uncontrolled diabetes, HIV infection, Cancer, Dry mouth or have any Hormonal changes that happen when pregnant?
What is hirsutism? What underlying condition would you consider? What is the significance of that condition?
a condition of unwanted, male-pattern hair growth in women. Hirsutism results in excessive amounts of dark, course hair on body areas where men typically grow hair — face, chest and back
It is caused by excess production or action of hormones called androgens, secreted by the ovaries or adrenal glands and produced locally in the hair follicle.
The two most common: polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and idiopathis hirsutism.
Hirsutism is linked with decreased fertility.
How do you differentiate between Bell’s palsy and a stroke? What treatment considerations are needed for Bell’s palsy?
Bell’s Palsy: peripheral facial weakness
Stroke: central facial weakness that involves the mouth and spares the eye and forehead. Strokes involving the brainstem can sometimes cause weakness of the mouth, eye and forehead—mimicking a peripheral lesion
Tx for Bells Palsy: Medication (steroid, antivirals), artificial tears (moisten eyes for relief), eye patch (protect eye from injury)
Who is at risk for cholesteatoma? What is the complication if left untreated?
Risk: poor eustachian tube function as well as infection in the middle ear.
Complication: cyst can become infected, causing inflammation and continual ear drainage, over time, may also destroy the surrounding bone, permanent hearing loss, facial weakness, chronic infection of the ear, swelling of the inner ear, paralysis of the facial muscle, meningitis, which is a life-threatening brain infectio, brain abscesses, or collections of pus in the brain
What are the key assessment areas in evaluating tinnitus?
Subjective – patient can hear
Objective – patient and observe – arteriovenous malformation, clicking muscles in middle ear or palate
Ask for associated vertigo or hearing loss
What body systems could lead to a patient feeling unsteady?
VESTIBULAR PROBLEMS
SENSORY DISORDER – as in poor vision or peripheral neuropathy causing poor feedback (diabetic)
JOINT & MUSCLE PROBLEMS – painful joints in arthritis, muscle weakness from neuromuscular disorders or ageing or poor conditioning
NEUROLOGICAL –in conditions affecting the cerebellum or Parkinson’s disease
MEDICATIONS – anti-seizure medications, sedatives, tranquilisers
