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Pharmacy 🤌🏼 > Neuro/Psych > Flashcards

Neuro/Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of benzodiazepines:

A

Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?

A

Increases GABA affinity for GABA receptor
GABA binding to receptor increases chloride flow through chloride channels
Hyperpolarization occurs - reducing activity of limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic areas of the brain.

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3
Q

When are benzodiazepines used?

A

Anxiety, epilepsy, muscle spasm and alcohol withdrawal

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4
Q

What are side effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Sedation
Ataxia
Altered mental status
Insomnia

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5
Q

Give examples of anti-psychotic drugs:

A 
1. First generation anti-psychotics
Act non selectively on D1-like and D2-like receptors
- Haloperidol
- Chlorpromazine
2. Atypical anti-psychotics
Varying effects on dopamine and serotonin receptors
- Olanzapine
- Clozapine
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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of anti-psychotics?

A

Mechanism of action:
Block dopamine receptors
Action on mesolimbic and nigrostriatal parts of brain
Also have anti-histaminergic and anti-cholinergic effects
These effects reduce positive symptoms of schizophrenia and can cause sedation and provide anti-emetic activity.

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7
Q

When are anti-psychotics prescribed?

A 
Schizophrenia
Mania
Delusions, hallucinations
Behavioral problems
Antiemetic (Haloperidol)
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8
Q

What are the side effects of anti-psychotics?

A

Sedation (anti-histaminergic effect)
Postural hypotension, tachycardia (anti-adrenergic effect)
Urinary retention, dry mouth, blurry vision (anti-cholinergic effect)

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9
Q

Give examples of tricyclic antidepressants:

A

Amitriptyline
Imipramine
Doxepin

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of action of tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Stops the reuptake of monoamines
Binds to monoamine pump at pre-synaptic cleft
The reduced reuptake of norepinephrine and/or serotonin combats depression

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11
Q

When are tricyclic antidepressants prescribed?

A

Depression, panic disorders and neuropathic pain

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12
Q

What are side effects of tricyclic antidepressants?

A

Sedation (anti-histaminergic effects)
Postural hypotension, tachycardia (anti-adrenergic effects)
Urinary retention, dry mouth, blurred vision / diplopia (anti-cholinergic effects)

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13
Q

Give examples of SSRIs:

A 
Citalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Escitalopram
Sertraline
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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action of SSRIs?

A

Inhibition of reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the synaptic cleft (in the central
nervous system)
Increases serotonin stimulation of somatodendritic5-HT1A and terminal autoreceptors

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15
Q

When are SSRIs prescribed?

A

Depression, bulimia, OCD

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16
Q

What are side effects of SSRIs?

A 
Dry mouth
Nausea
Insomnia
Anxiety
Decreased libido
Seizures (rare)
Dyskinesia (rare)
17
Q

Give an example of a catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitor:

A

Entacapone

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action of entacapone?

A

Prevents the peripheral breakdown of levodopa by inhibiting COMT (COMT converts L-DOPA into 3-
methoxy-4-hydroxy-L-phenylalanine (3-OMD). 3-OMD doesn’t cross the blood brain barrier).
Therefore more levodopa reaches the brain.

19
Q

When is entacapone prescribed?

A

In Parkinsons disease alongside L-dopa and dopamine decarboxylase inhibitor

20
Q

What are the side effects of entacapone?

A 
Dyskinesia (common, up to 27%)
Nausea (11%)
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Dry mouth
Dizziness
21
Q

Give examples of dopamine agonists:

A 
Apomorphine
Pramipexole
Bromocriptine
Pergolide
Rotigotine
22
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dopamine agonists?

A

Stimulate post synaptic dopamine receptors
Apomorphine: non selective D1 and D2 dopamine subfamily of receptors
Pramipexole: selective D3 receptor

23
Q

When are dopamine agonists administered?

A

Parkinsons disease

24
Q

What are side effects of dopamine agonists?

A

Apomorphine: pain at site of injection, nausea, vomiting
Pramipexole: hallucinations, nausea, drowsiness, involuntary movements

25
Q

What is Levodopa and how does it work?

A

A dopamine precursor pro-drug which crosses the blood-brain barrier to be converted to dopamine - increasing striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission.

26
Q

What are side effects of levodopa?

A 
Dyskinesia
Compulsive disorders
Hallucinations
Nausea
Gl upset

Pharmacy 🤌🏼 (6 decks)

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