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Neuro II > Neuro Pharm (Kruse) > Flashcards

Neuro Pharm (Kruse) Flashcards

1
Q

Methacholine

A

cholinergic agonist (used to diagnose bronchial airway hyperreactivity)

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2
Q

Carbachol

A

cholinergic agonist (used to treat glaucoma or produce miosis)

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3
Q

Bethanechol

A

cholinergic agonist (used to treat urinary retention and heartburn)f

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4
Q

Cevimeline

A 
cholinergic agonist (used to treat xerostomia)
metabolized via P450 >> excreted in urine
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5
Q

Pilocarpine

A

cholinergic agonist (used to treat head/neck cancer, glaucoma and produces miosis and salivation)

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6
Q

Varenicline

A

cholinergic partial agonist (used for smoking cessation and binds nicotinic receptors)

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7
Q

What are the 3 groups of AChE inhibitors and which ones can be used therapeutically (reversible)?

A

1) alcohols *
2) carbamic acid esters *
3) organophosphates

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8
Q

What is commonly used in a drug overdose and what is it combined with?

A

atropine (cholinergic antagonist) in conjunction with pralidoxime because it pulls organophosphates that are covalent/irreversible away from atropine

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9
Q

What are some CNS disorders that anticholinergics can treat?

A

1) Parkinson (benztropine, trihexyphenidyl and procyclidine)
2) motion sickness (scopolamine)
3) anesthesia (atropine, glycopyrrolate are paired with neostigmine)

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10
Q

Benztropine

A

anticholinergic (to treat Parkinson Disease)

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11
Q

Trihexyphenidyl

A

anticholinergic (to treat Parkinson Disease)

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12
Q

Procyclidine

A

anticholinergic (to treat Parkinson Disease)

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13
Q

Scopolamine

A

anticholinergic (to treat motion sickness)

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14
Q

What 2 drugs can treat uveitis and iritis?

ophthamologic disorders

A

homatropine and atropine (anticholinergics)

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15
Q

Homatropine

A

anticholinergic (to prevent synechia formation in uveitis and iritis)

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16
Q

What 2 drugs can be used to treat COPD?

A

ipratropium and tiotropium

17
Q

What anticholinergic is used to treat common traveler’s diarrhea and what is it combined with?

A

diphenoxylate and atropine (added to reduce risk of abuse since diphenoxylate is an opiate)

18
Q

What anticholinergic is used for GU disorders but has profound side effects?

A

oxybutynin

19
Q

What anticholinergics are preferred for GU disorders because of their minimal side effects?

A

darifenacin, solifenacin, tolterodine

20
Q

What are 3 contraindications for anticholinergics?

A

glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia, acid peptic disease

21
Q

What is glycopyrrolate and how does it work?

A

antimuscarinic in GI disorders and after anesthesia as it stimulate skeletal muscle by increasing the levels of ACh in the body

22
Q

What are some charged AChE inhibitors?

A

neostigmine, edrophonium, pyridostigmine, echothiophate, ambenonium

23
Q

What are some neutral AChE inhibitors and what can they do that charged ones cannot?

A

physostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine –> they can cross the BBB

24
Q

Major NT of sympathetic nervous system

A

norepinephrine

25
Q

Contraindication for varenicline use

A

suicidal ideation or changes in mood

26
Q

What are 3 big uses of direct-acting cholinergic agonists?

A

glaucoma, accommodative esotropia, GI/GU disorders

27
Q

Contraindications for muscarinic stimulants?

A

asthma, hyperthyroidism, coronary insufficiency, acid peptic disease

28
Q

Compare alpha adrenergic receptor agonists with mAChR antagonists in treatment of ophthalmologic disorders

A

alpha adrenergic agonists are shorter acting and produce less adverse effects, while mAChR antagonists are used when cycloplegia or prolonged mydriasis is required (LASIK)

29
Q

What can cause cholinergic poisoning?

A

cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides, wild mushrooms, chemical warfare nerve gases

30
Q

What are some acute symptoms of nicotinic agonist toxicity?

A

CNS stimulation, respiratory paralysis, HTN, cardiac arrhythmias

31
Q

How do you treat acute toxicity from nicotinic stimulants?

A

Atropine (for excess muscarinic stim) and diazepam (for CNS stimulation)

Neuro II (9 decks)

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