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Neuro II > Ch28, Tumors > Flashcards

Ch28, Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Location of primary tumors in adults

A

cerebral cortex

above tentorium

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2
Q

Lcoation of priamry tumors on children

A

posterior fossa

below tentorium

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3
Q

single lesion;

also associated with what other clinical finding?

A

primary tumor

striking edema

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4
Q

multiple lesions

A

metastasis; not a primary tumor

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5
Q

___% of adult primary tumors are infiltrating astrocytomas

A

80%

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6
Q

Age of onset of infiltrating astrocytoma

A

40-60yo

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7
Q

Presenting signs of infiltrating astrocytoma

A

seizure, HA, focal neuro deficity

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8
Q

Types of infiltrating astrocytoma

A 
diffuse astrocytoma (2/4)
anaplastic astrocytoma (3/4)
glioblastoma (4/4)
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9
Q

Glioblastioma (4/4) morphology

A

necrotic edges&raquo_space; pseudopalisading

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10
Q

GFAP

A

intermediate filament present in glial cells in Glioblastioma (4/4)

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11
Q

Glioblastioma (4/4) prognosis

A

15 months and 25% alive at 2 years

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12
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma location

A

floor/wall of 3rd vent
optic nerve
cerebral hemishpheres

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13
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma age group

A

children, YA

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14
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma gross morphology

A

mural nodile in wall of cyst, posterior fossa

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15
Q

Rosenthal fibers and microcysts present in ____ astrocytoma

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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16
Q

Location of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (2/4)

A

temporal lobe of young pt

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17
Q

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Infiltrating astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor

A

seizures

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18
Q

Age by which most BS Gliomas occur

A

20yo

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19
Q
  1. Pontine glioma
  2. Tectal gliomas
  3. Cortocomedullary junciton tumors
A

(Location) of most to least aggressive BS gliomas

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20
Q

Morphology - Calcification tumor in white matter
Location - Frontal lobe
Seizure presenteation
Mid life; 5-15% of gliomas

A

Oligodendroglioma

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21
Q

Age of oligodendroglioma onset

A

midlife (5-15%)

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22
Q

Oligodendroglioma is d/t loss of heterozygosity in what chromosomes?

A

1p

19q

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23
Q

Ependymoma:

Age + Most common location (for adults and children

A

0-20yo + 4th ventricle

Adults + SC central canal

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24
Q

Ependymoma:

if not radiated correctly, growth down thru 4th vent&raquo_space; ventricular space blockage = ??

A

hydrocephalus

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25
adult ependymoma associated with which NF?
NF2
26
Myxopapillary ependymoma location
distal SC, philum terminale
27
Paraventriculat mass lesions: | solid, may be calcified, attached to ventricular slinign
subependymoma
28
``` Ependymoma Subependymoma Choroid plexus papilloma Colloid cysts of 3rd vent Medulloblastoma ```
hydrocephalus | colloid cysts of 3rd vent = noncomminicating
29
most common CNS tumor of mature neurons
Ganglioma
30
rare, low grade childhood neoplasm often presenting as a seizure disorder;
Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor
31
prognosis of Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor
prognosis after resection is good
32
"floating neurons" indicative of this
Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor
33
neoplasm exclusively in cerebellum and children (20%)
medulloblastoma
34
Homer Wright rosettes and small round blue cells
medulloblastoma
35
indicative of what neoplasm? WNT type mutatations (ch6) SHH type
medulloblastoma
36
i17q: neoplasm and prognosis
medulloblastoma; poor prognosis
37
What type of neoplasm is extremely radiosensitive?
medulloblastoma
38
Chromo22 deletion; hSNF1/INI1 gene (chromatin remodeling)
atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
39
age + location of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
young children + posterior fossa and supratentorium
40
survival of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor
less than 1 year`
41
virus infecting almost all pts with primary CNS lymphoma
EBV
42
tumor that grows within small vessels; leads to microscopic infarcts
intravascular lymphoma
43
What presents with vasculitis and dementia?
intravascular lymphoma
44
Germ cell tumors: | Race
Japanese > Europeans
45
does primary CNS lymphooma respond well to chemo?
no
46
Common location of primary brain germ cell tumors
along midline: | pineal (esp males) and suprasellar rections
47
what do you always need to rule out if you see something that looks liek a pineal tumor?
testicular germ cell tumor
48
Type of pineal parenchymal tumor that tends to affect adults + is it well differentiated or aggressive?
pineocytoma + well differentiated
49
Type of pineal parenchymal tumor that tends to affect children + is it well differentiated or aggressive?
pineoblastoma + aggressive spread throoughout CSF
50
are meningiomas benign or malignant? what type of cells gender
ALWAYS benign arachnoid cells women > men
51
Presentation of meningiomas
seizure round mass attached to dura progesterone
52
What are psammoma bodies + assocaited with what type of tumor
calcification of syncytial nests of meningothelial cells meningiomas
53
meningiomas associated with what chromosome, what NF, and loss of what gene?
Chromo22, LOH of long arm NF2 loss of merlin
54
What makes meningiomas dangerous?
slow growth that manifests d/t CNS compression
55
most common primary sites that metasticize to brain
``` lung breast kidney GI skin ```
56
Name of syndrome with PTCH mutation resulting in medulloblastoms
gorline syndrome
57
Name of syndrome with APC or mismatch repair gene mutation resulting in medulloblastoms/glioblastoma
Turcot syndrome
58
Name of syndrome with p53 mutation resulting in medulloblastoms
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
59
Name of syndrome with PTEN mutaiton, resulting in dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma
Cowden syndrome
60
Characterized by angioma, seizure, metnal retardation
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
61
Tuberouis SClerosis Complex: TSC1 encodes... TSC2 encodes...
hamartin | tuberin
62
Assocated with: - Polycythemia and posterior fossa cystic mass - EPO/high RBC - Dysregulated HIF-1 >> increased vascualr endothelial GF
VHL
63
NF-type? | Plexiform, optic nerve glioma, Lisch noduels, cafe au lait
NF1
64
NF-type? | schwannoma (B/L CN8), meningioma (multiple), ependymoma
NF-2
65
NF-2 chromo and gene
chr22, merlin
66
Schwanomma - beinign or malignant?
BENIGN peripheral nerve sheath tumor
67
location commonly associated with CN8 schannoma
cerebellopontine angle
68
acoustic neuroma (tinnitus and hearing loss)
shchwannoma
69
carney complex
schwannoma
70
antoni __ = (more cellular) elongated cells with cytoplasmic processes arranged in fascicles
A
71
antoni __ = (less cellular) less densly cellular tissue with microcysts and myxoid changes
B
72
s100 positive
Schwannoma
73
plesiform neurfibroma found at what locatoin and associated with whath NF
NF-1 | deep or superficial locations assocaited with nerve roots or large nerves
74
loss of both of what genes = NF1
FN1 genes
75
Antoni A and B associated iwth what tumor type?
Schwannoma
76
Diffuse neurofibroma infiltrates what part of CT
dermis and subcutaneous
77
arises de novo (not from schwannoma) from plexiform neurbibroma transformaiton
MPNST
78
MPNST associated with what NF?
NF1

Neuro II (9 decks)

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