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Neuro II > Ch28, Tumors > Flashcards

Ch28, Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Location of primary tumors in adults

A

cerebral cortex

above tentorium

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2
Q

Lcoation of priamry tumors on children

A

posterior fossa

below tentorium

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3
Q

single lesion;

also associated with what other clinical finding?

A

primary tumor

striking edema

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4
Q

multiple lesions

A

metastasis; not a primary tumor

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5
Q

___% of adult primary tumors are infiltrating astrocytomas

A

80%

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6
Q

Age of onset of infiltrating astrocytoma

A

40-60yo

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7
Q

Presenting signs of infiltrating astrocytoma

A

seizure, HA, focal neuro deficity

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8
Q

Types of infiltrating astrocytoma

A 
diffuse astrocytoma (2/4)
anaplastic astrocytoma (3/4)
glioblastoma (4/4)
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9
Q

Glioblastioma (4/4) morphology

A

necrotic edges&raquo_space; pseudopalisading

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10
Q

GFAP

A

intermediate filament present in glial cells in Glioblastioma (4/4)

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11
Q

Glioblastioma (4/4) prognosis

A

15 months and 25% alive at 2 years

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12
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma location

A

floor/wall of 3rd vent
optic nerve
cerebral hemishpheres

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13
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma age group

A

children, YA

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14
Q

Pilocytic astrocytoma gross morphology

A

mural nodile in wall of cyst, posterior fossa

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15
Q

Rosenthal fibers and microcysts present in ____ astrocytoma

A

Pilocytic astrocytoma

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16
Q

Location of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (2/4)

A

temporal lobe of young pt

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17
Q

Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
Infiltrating astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor

A

seizures

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18
Q

Age by which most BS Gliomas occur

A

20yo

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19
Q
  1. Pontine glioma
  2. Tectal gliomas
  3. Cortocomedullary junciton tumors
A

(Location) of most to least aggressive BS gliomas

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20
Q

Morphology - Calcification tumor in white matter
Location - Frontal lobe
Seizure presenteation
Mid life; 5-15% of gliomas

A

Oligodendroglioma

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21
Q

Age of oligodendroglioma onset

A

midlife (5-15%)

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22
Q

Oligodendroglioma is d/t loss of heterozygosity in what chromosomes?

A

1p

19q

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23
Q

Ependymoma:

Age + Most common location (for adults and children

A

0-20yo + 4th ventricle

Adults + SC central canal

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24
Q

Ependymoma:

if not radiated correctly, growth down thru 4th vent&raquo_space; ventricular space blockage = ??

A

hydrocephalus

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25
Q

adult ependymoma associated with which NF?

A

NF2

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26
Q

Myxopapillary ependymoma location

A

distal SC, philum terminale

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27
Q

Paraventriculat mass lesions:

solid, may be calcified, attached to ventricular slinign

A

subependymoma

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28
Q 
Ependymoma
Subependymoma
Choroid plexus papilloma
Colloid cysts of 3rd vent
Medulloblastoma
A

hydrocephalus

colloid cysts of 3rd vent = noncomminicating

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29
Q

most common CNS tumor of mature neurons

A

Ganglioma

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30
Q

rare, low grade childhood neoplasm often presenting as a seizure disorder;

A

Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor

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31
Q

prognosis of Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor

A

prognosis after resection is good

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32
Q

“floating neurons” indicative of this

A

Dysembryoplastic neuroepothelial tumor

33
Q

neoplasm exclusively in cerebellum and children (20%)

A

medulloblastoma

34
Q

Homer Wright rosettes and small round blue cells

A

medulloblastoma

35
Q

indicative of what neoplasm?
WNT type mutatations (ch6)
SHH type

A

medulloblastoma

36
Q

i17q: neoplasm and prognosis

A

medulloblastoma; poor prognosis

37
Q

What type of neoplasm is extremely radiosensitive?

A

medulloblastoma

38
Q

Chromo22 deletion; hSNF1/INI1 gene (chromatin remodeling)

A

atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor

39
Q

age + location of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor

A

young children + posterior fossa and supratentorium

40
Q

survival of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor

A

less than 1 year`

41
Q

virus infecting almost all pts with primary CNS lymphoma

42
Q

tumor that grows within small vessels; leads to microscopic infarcts

A

intravascular lymphoma

43
Q

What presents with vasculitis and dementia?

A

intravascular lymphoma

44
Q

Germ cell tumors:

Race

A

Japanese > Europeans

45
Q

does primary CNS lymphooma respond well to chemo?

46
Q

Common location of primary brain germ cell tumors

A

along midline:

pineal (esp males) and suprasellar rections

47
Q

what do you always need to rule out if you see something that looks liek a pineal tumor?

A

testicular germ cell tumor

48
Q

Type of pineal parenchymal tumor that tends to affect adults + is it well differentiated or aggressive?

A

pineocytoma + well differentiated

49
Q

Type of pineal parenchymal tumor that tends to affect children + is it well differentiated or aggressive?

A

pineoblastoma + aggressive

spread throoughout CSF

50
Q

are meningiomas benign or malignant?

what type of cells

gender

A

ALWAYS benign

arachnoid cells

women > men

51
Q

Presentation of meningiomas

A

seizure
round mass attached to dura
progesterone

52
Q

What are psammoma bodies + assocaited with what type of tumor

A

calcification of syncytial nests of meningothelial cells

meningiomas

53
Q

meningiomas associated with what chromosome, what NF, and loss of what gene?

A

Chromo22, LOH of long arm

NF2

loss of merlin

54
Q

What makes meningiomas dangerous?

A

slow growth that manifests d/t CNS compression

55
Q

most common primary sites that metasticize to brain

A 
lung
breast
kidney
GI
skin
56
Q

Name of syndrome with PTCH mutation resulting in medulloblastoms

A

gorline syndrome

57
Q

Name of syndrome with APC or mismatch repair gene mutation resulting in medulloblastoms/glioblastoma

A

Turcot syndrome

58
Q

Name of syndrome with p53 mutation resulting in medulloblastoms

A

Li-Fraumeni Syndrome

59
Q

Name of syndrome with PTEN mutaiton, resulting in dysplastic cerebellar gangliocytoma

A

Cowden syndrome

60
Q

Characterized by angioma, seizure, metnal retardation

A

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

61
Q

Tuberouis SClerosis Complex:
TSC1 encodes…
TSC2 encodes…

A

hamartin

tuberin

62
Q

Assocated with:

  • Polycythemia and posterior fossa cystic mass
  • EPO/high RBC
  • Dysregulated HIF-1&raquo_space; increased vascualr endothelial GF
63
Q

NF-type?

Plexiform, optic nerve glioma, Lisch noduels, cafe au lait

64
Q

NF-type?

schwannoma (B/L CN8), meningioma (multiple), ependymoma

65
Q

NF-2 chromo and gene

A

chr22, merlin

66
Q

Schwanomma - beinign or malignant?

A

BENIGN peripheral nerve sheath tumor

67
Q

location commonly associated with CN8 schannoma

A

cerebellopontine angle

68
Q

acoustic neuroma (tinnitus and hearing loss)

A

shchwannoma

69
Q

carney complex

A

schwannoma

70
Q

antoni __ = (more cellular) elongated cells with cytoplasmic processes arranged in fascicles

71
Q

antoni __ = (less cellular) less densly cellular tissue with microcysts and myxoid changes

72
Q

s100 positive

A

Schwannoma

73
Q

plesiform neurfibroma found at what locatoin and associated with whath NF

A

NF-1

deep or superficial locations assocaited with nerve roots or large nerves

74
Q

loss of both of what genes = NF1

75
Q

Antoni A and B associated iwth what tumor type?

A

Schwannoma

76
Q

Diffuse neurofibroma infiltrates what part of CT

A

dermis and subcutaneous

77
Q

arises de novo (not from schwannoma) from plexiform neurbibroma transformaiton

78
Q

MPNST associated with what NF?

Neuro II (9 decks)

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