NEURO PART III/ IVTERMS

Question 1

arm immobile and held against the body

adduction of the shoulder

leg stiff and extended

circumduction with each step so as to clear ground

associated with UMN lesion (post CVA)

Answer 1

spastic hemiparesis

Question 2

slaps floor

stair climbing

drop foot

associated with CMT and ALS

Answer 2

neuropathic gait or steppage

Question 3

knees cross or are in contact

seen in patients with MS

Answer 3

scissors (diplegic) gait

Question 4

stooped posture

hunched over

flexion of elbows, hips, knees

shuffling steps

body held rigid

Answer 4

parkinsonian gait

Question 5

staggering, wide-based gait

uncoordinated movements

cerebellar tumor, MS, drunk

Answer 5

cerebellar ataxia (ataxic gait)

Question 6

weak hip muscles (gluteus medius)

opposite hip drops allowing compensatory lateral movements of pelvis (pelvic rocking)

lumbar lordosis and protruding abdomen

muscular dystrophy or hip dislocation

Answer 6

myopathic (trendelenberg gait)

Question 7

caused by pain in the lower extremity

nonspecific

variable, depending on affected region

Answer 7

antalgic gait

Question 8

name this motor dysfunction?

loss of reflex activity and tone
preservation of voluntary

Answer 8

sensory neuron

Question 9

name this motor dysfunction?

flaccid paralysis 
atrophy and fasciculations
decreased muscle tone
decreased or absent muscle strength
absent or poor coordination

Answer 9

lower motor neuron

Question 10

name this motor dysfunction?

spastic paralysis
clasp knife phenom
hyperactive reflexes
mild atrophy from disuse
increased muscle tone
decreased muscle strength
absent or poor coordination

Answer 10

pyramidal tract (corticospinal)

Question 11

name this motor dysfunction?

no paralysis 
cog wheel phenomenon 
resting tremor
muscle tone problems
normal muscle strength
slowed coordination

Answer 11

extrapyramidal tract

Question 12

name this motor dysfunction?

intention tremor
decreased coordination
dysdiadochokinesia
wide based gait

Answer 12

cerebellar system

Question 13

loss of pain and temp in one or more dermatomes

syringomyelia

Answer 13

central cord lesion

Question 14

loss of proprioceptive sensations and vibrations

diagnosed with a tuning fork and differential from peripheral nerve loss

Answer 14

posterior column

Question 15

effects posterior column

Answer 15

anterior spinal artery occlusion

Question 16

this half of cord transection is cause of loss of vibratory sensation and proprioception

loss of pain and temperature on the contralateral side

UMN signs such as hyperactive reflexes, barbinski sign and clonus

Answer 16

brown sequard syndrome

Question 17

disease of the nerve root

lumbosacral most affected
at the L5 or S1

disk protrusion, osteophyte formation, lumbar canal stenosis

Answer 17

lumbosacral radioculopathy

Question 18

a band of skin innervated by sensory nerve root of a single spinal segment

L4,L5, S1

Answer 18

dermatomes

Question 19

pain/parathesias radiate down outer side of back of thigh, outer side of calf, and across dorsum of foot

drop foot

herniation for disc between L4 and L5, compressing L5 not L4

Answer 19

L5 radioculopathy

Question 20

bilateral problem due to compress nerve

Answer 20

spinal stenosis

Question 21

clasp-knife phenomenon

Answer 21

resistance to passive stretch

Question 22

cog wheel phenomenon

Answer 22

rigidity of muscles