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Med Surg 2 > Neuro/ Oncology/ Hematology > Flashcards

Neuro/ Oncology/ Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

S/ of this disorder include ptosis, diplopia, dysphasia

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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2
Q

With this disorder you see the progressive deterioration of the lower extremity motor and sensory function

A

Gillian Barre

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3
Q

S/s of this disorder are dizziness, double vision, numbness, weakness, unsteady

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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4
Q

This disorder has exacerbations or new symptoms that last few days then disappear

A

Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

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5
Q

This disorder is diagnosed definitively with an MRI showing demylenating changes in two separate locations

A

????? Multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

S/s of this disorder that causes ICP include ataxia, papillaedema, vomiting, headache, decrease LOC, personality changes, hemiparesis, abnormal reflexes, and cranial nerve palsies

A

Brain Tumor

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7
Q

These s/s affects which area of the brain: auditory perception, long term memory, sensation, and the receptive speech center (wernicke’s)

A

Left temporal lobe

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8
Q

S/s affects which area of the brain: expressive speech difficulty

A

Frontal Lobe

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9
Q

These s/s affect which area of the brain: changes in eye movements

A

Midbrain

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10
Q

A patient is having increased intracranial pressure related to encephalitis so what treatment is required

A

Antiviral

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11
Q

One of the highest risk factors for a hemorrhagic stroke

A

Hypertension

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12
Q

Highest risk factor for a embolytic stroke

A

carotid plaque

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13
Q

Treatment used for ischemic stroke

A

TPA

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14
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator is contraindicated in what population

A

Elderly (over 80 y/o) diabetics, patients using anticoagulants, patients who have had hemorrhagic stroke

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15
Q

Post stroke these patients need some of the following medications depending on the cause of the stroke

A

What are anticoagulants (A-FIB), what are anti hypertensives (HTN), what are antiplatelets (prevent blood clots from forming), what are lipid lowering agents (prevent carotid plaque build up)

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16
Q

New onset of back pain radiating down the left leg could be a symptom of

A

a spinal cord tumor

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17
Q

A patient who has a cervical spinal cord injury needs to be watched for this

A

Respiratory distress (monitor respiratory pattern and airway)

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18
Q

A patient w a spinal cord injury is at Risk for this disorder when they have symptoms of HTN with Bradycardia

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia (treatment is raise HOB greater than 45 degrees)

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19
Q

This disorder is due to nerve root compression and causes low back pain, weakness, numbness in the affected extremity, inability to control motor movement in the affected area

A

Radiculopathy

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20
Q

S/s of this disorder include photophobia, nuchal rigidity, neck pain, fever, headache, change in mental status, chills, N&V

A

What is meningitis (treatment is long term antibiotics and a cool blanket will help decrease O2 demand in the brain)

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21
Q

This is a disorder when Vitamin B 12 is not being absorbed

A

Pernicious Anemia

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22
Q

This is a type of anemia caused by bone marrow producing inadequate cells

A

Aplastic Anemia

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23
Q

This anemia requires a diet high in red meat, green leafy vegetables, and citrus

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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24
Q

A S/s of this deficiency is confusion

A

Folic Acid Deficiency

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25
S/s of this disorder are elevated temperature, decreased O2 sat, pain
Sickle cell crisis
26
Risk factors for this disorder include severe cold temperatures, high altitude, fever, dehydration
Sickle cell Crisis
27
Treatment for this disorder includes O2 via NC 2-3L, fluid resuscitation
Sickle Cell Crisis
28
A renal failure diagnosis with anemia is due to the loss of this hormone
Erythropoietin
29
A patient who has just suffered a TBI has clear drainage from his nose and ears what do we suspect had occurred
Skull fracture (CSF fluid leak) It is important to collect this fluid on gauze for testing and this is a life threatening emergency that can lead to meningitis (Basilar Skull fx has bruising around the ears)
30
A tonic-clonic seizure last more than 5 minutes what is the priority?
Call 911 bc they are going to Jeff an airway (one of the ordered medications for seizure activity is Ativan)
31
S/s of this disorder include bradykinesia impairment of voluntary motor control and slow movements, shuffled gait, dragging of 1 or both feet when walking
What is Parkinson’s disease (one medication used is carbidopa/ levodopa aka sinemet)
32
S/s of this disorder include word recall issues and not knowing they have been incontinent of bowls
Alzheimer’s
33
It is recommended that you have this test done when you are sleep deprived
EEG (this test is measuring the electrical activity in the brain and sleep deprivation can cause seizure activity which is helpful during testing)
34
Treatment of this disorder includes placing the head and neck in a neutral position, elevating the HOB higher than 60 degrees
What is ICP intercranial pressure (placing the head and neck in a neutral position and elevating the HOB more than 60 degrees helps facilitate venous drainage from the head and decreases pressure on the internal jugular vein
35
hemoglobin levels
12-18 g/dL or 120-180 g/L
36
What is Carbidopa-levapdopa Used for?
Parkinson’s Disease
37
Medical marjuana med name/use for
Epidiolex Parkinson’s
38
A positive result from this test indicates upper motor neuron lesion which damages the corticospinal tract of the spinal cord
What is a Positive Babinski Response (often from chronic alcohol or substance abuse, MS or TBI)
39
With this disorder patients will eventually lose all motor control
What is ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) they can eventually have difficulty swallowing and if choking or coughing excessively during meals we need to check for aspirations by auscultating lungs
40
Hematuria is a sign of this cancer
Bladder Cancer
41
Parenthesis’s of the fingertips and cardiac dysrhythmias are s/s of
Tumor lysis syndrome
42
We must restrict visitors who have been sick when someone has disorder
What is Leukemia with neutropenia caused by chemotherapy (reverse precautions are used to protect the patient who is severely immunocompromised and we may need to have no flowers and a diet w no fresh fruits or vegetables)
43
One way to reduce your risk of cancer
What is wear sunscreen or quit smoking
44
We do chemotherapy prior to surgery to
shrink the size of the tumor
45
Males are at increased risk for these types of cancer
What is colorectal melanoma of the skin, prostate and bladder
46
Debunking a brain tumor consists of the use of this type of medication
What are steroids (remember patients on steroids are at risk for hyperglycemia, they are immunocompromised and we never stop steroids suddenly they are always tapered)
47
These tumors stay in one area and have a slower growth rate
Benign Tumors
48
These tumors can grow back, grow uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissue and vessels
what are malignant tumors (they destroy normal tissue, steal nutrition, create their own blood vessels and survive anoxic or acidotic conditions)
49
The risk factors for this cancer are excessive alcohol use, obesity, high fat diet, chronic bowel disease, history of polyps
Colon cancer
50
The patient who has a history of this is at increased risk for bladder, esophageal, gastric, cervical, head, neck, lung and pancreatic cancer
Cigarette smoking
51
By limiting alcohol consumption, limiting second hand smoke exposure and wearing sunscreen you can decrease your risk for
Cancer
52
This makes you at higher risk for cervical, nasal, oral, head and neck and pharyngeal cancer
HPV
53
Gardasil 9 should be given prior to sexual activity and is used to prevent this
HPV
54
This can lead to superior vena cava syndrome so we have to monitor the patient for SOB
Malignant Lymphoma
55
The patient with this type of leukemia is at risk for bleeding
What is AML (acute myeloid leukemia) this is due to low levels of platelets
56
A patient reports seeing a blue shadow before having a seizure this is called a
What is an AURA (this can visual, auditory, or olfactory)
57
The patient has just had a olfactory aura so we should implement what seizure precautions
What is lower the patient to the ground, remove shar objects, as or protect their head (record the time it starts and ends and what was occurring during the seizure, lace them on their side to prevent aspiration
58
What is the most common type of headaches in adults?
Tension headache
59
What type of shock occurs after a spinal cord injury
Neurogenic a.k.a. distributive shock
60
What type of shock occurs from large blood loss
Hypovolemic shock
61
What type of shock occurs with an infected central line catheter
Septic shock
62
What type of shock occurs when there ischema related to decreased coronary perfusion
Cardiogenic shock
63
What type of shock occurs when a patient is allergic to shellfish and has contrast dye
Anaphylactic shock
64
A patient is having 10 tension test for suspected myasthenia gravis, and it is vital to have this medication available as an antidote
Atropine sulfate
65
HEMOCRIT normal levels
Male: 41%-50% Female: 36%-48%
66
Erythropoietin (EPO) levels
2.6-18.5 mU/mL 3.7-36 UI/L
67
RBC
Men: 4.0-5.9 x 10^12 /L Female: 3.8-5.2 x10^12/ L
68
Multiple myeloma S/s?
-fatigue -weakness -bone pain -recurrent infections -weight loss -parenthesia
69
Normal platelet level
150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood
70
Iron deficiency s/s
-fatigue -pallor -tachycardia -Glossitis -koilonychias
71
Pop at risk for non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Whites
72
Pop at risk for hodgkins
-white -black -Asian
73
Who’s at risk for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency
-elders -malabsorption issues -autoimmune disorders -AIDS -chronic Alc use -crohns & celiacs -long term ppis & h2 blockers
74
Where is B12 found?
In animal proteins
75
Additional risks for folic acid defieniecy
B12 risks + pts w RA treated w methotrexate - hemodialysis -pregnancy
76
What s/s are present in b12 deficiency but not folic acid deficiency
Neurological symptoms
77
What should ots avoid in folic acid deficiency
-excessive heat/cold
78
Sickle cell crisis prevention
-dehydration -cold temps -tight clothes -overexacerbation -infection -places w low o2 (depressurization airplanes or high mountains)
79
S/s sickle cell anemia
-fatigue -pallor -pulmonary infiltrate -SOB -sputum production -cognitive impairment -pain/swelling in Joints, bones, abdomen -fever -tachycardia -delayed wound healing -psychological issues -delayed growth in children -hand/foot syndrome
80
What are pts w sickle cell anemia prone to?
-cerebravascular accidents -infection
81
What is AML caused by?
Exposure to radiation/ benzene
82
Labs for Multiple Myeloma
C-hypercalcemia >11.5 g/dl R-renal insufficiency (serum creatinine >2mg/dL A- anemia- hemoglobin <10g/dL B- bone disease (lytic lesions, severe osteopenia, pathological fractures)
83
What is AML
Acute unknown stimulus mutates myeloid
84
What is multiple myeloma
Hematologic malignancy involving cells or immune system producing antibodies -incurable B cell malignancy
85
Anemia in renal failure
Renal failure causes lose in EPO causing anemia
86
ANC level that indicates infection
<500
87
What can cause encephalitis
-enteroviruses (Herpes 1&2, arboviruses: rabies, Lyme, west Nile virus) -latent virus of varicella- zoster (chicken pox), rubella, mumps and German measles
88
3 categories of GCS
-mild 13-15 -moderate 9-12 -severe <8
89
What is a positive babinski sign
Toes flare up from stimulus
90
Migraine treatment
-norvas/ amlodipine -NSAIDS -sometimes steroids -maybe caffeine
91
Meningitis major s/s
-headaches -stiff neck -fever - high wbc -photophobia -rhinorrhea
92
Meningitis diagnosis
-lumbar puncture wbc
93
What is an atonic seizure
Sudden loss, diminished muscle tone without clonic/tonic event 1-2 seconds Involved head neck and trunk jaw limb
94
Myoclonic seizures
Sudden brief, involuntary single or multiple contractions of muscle/muscle groups
95
Tonic seizures
Increase in muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes
96
Tonic-conic
Tonic symptoms followed by a clonic phase
97
Absent seizure
-5-10 seconds daydreaming
98
What to do and why if seizure longer then 5 minutes
-airway due to lack of o2 -administer Ativan
99
S/s spinal cord tumor
New onset back pain done left leg
100
What is spinal stenosis & s/s
Narrowing related to age -Muscle spasms in area of stenosis -loss of spinal muscle strength
101
What is radioculopathy & s/s
Nerve route compression -pain -weakness -numbness -loss of movement
102
Herniated disk immediate intervention
Urinary uncontinence putting pressure on spinal cord
103
Confusion w MS s/s
If on medications hard to tell if meds are causing speech difficulty or if MS is
104
Secondary progressive MS
Relapse/ remit with worsening. Not back 100%. General deterioration. No new disability between attacks
105
Progressive MS
Steady increase in disabilities w/out attacks
106
Treatment for MS
-PT -ROM
107
ALS s/s
-muscle cramps/stiffness, gradual weaken/atrophy and twitch -spasticity -flaccidity - lost of mobility 1 hands, 2 legs, swallowing then can’t breath while AO -weight loss -tongue atrophy
108
Complication prevention of ALS
-cough and deep breath -turn & reposition -ROM -speech, swallow evaluation- maybe PEG tube
109
Care for HALO
-good pin care to prevent infection -watch for crusty drainage/bleeding/swollen/red/painful -C3-C5 BREATHING
110
MS, Gillian barre, Als Testing for in a lumbar puncture
Proteins
111
Meningitis tests for
WBC
112
Pt w absorption issues cannot have oral b12 must have
IM Injections
113
Folic acid diet
Cereals and grains
114
Aplastic anemia treatment
Blood transfusions Bone marrow transplant
115
Multiple myeloma definitive level
Creatinine levels above 1.3
116
Med you should not give with encephalitis
Lasix
117
Gillian bares what indicated you have it
No reflexes
118
Where does Gillian barres diease start
Feet
119
Trigeminal nerve
C5 yay

Med Surg 2 (4 decks)

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