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Med Surg 2 > Neuro/ Oncology/ Hematology > Flashcards

Neuro/ Oncology/ Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

S/ of this disorder include ptosis, diplopia, dysphasia

A

Myasthenia Gravis

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2
Q

With this disorder you see the progressive deterioration of the lower extremity motor and sensory function

A

Gillian Barre

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3
Q

S/s of this disorder are dizziness, double vision, numbness, weakness, unsteady

A

Multiple Sclerosis

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4
Q

This disorder has exacerbations or new symptoms that last few days then disappear

A

Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis

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5
Q

This disorder is diagnosed definitively with an MRI showing demylenating changes in two separate locations

A

????? Multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

S/s of this disorder that causes ICP include ataxia, papillaedema, vomiting, headache, decrease LOC, personality changes, hemiparesis, abnormal reflexes, and cranial nerve palsies

A

Brain Tumor

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7
Q

These s/s affects which area of the brain: auditory perception, long term memory, sensation, and the receptive speech center (wernicke’s)

A

Left temporal lobe

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8
Q

S/s affects which area of the brain: expressive speech difficulty

A

Frontal Lobe

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9
Q

These s/s affect which area of the brain: changes in eye movements

A

Midbrain

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10
Q

A patient is having increased intracranial pressure related to encephalitis so what treatment is required

A

Antiviral

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11
Q

One of the highest risk factors for a hemorrhagic stroke

A

Hypertension

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12
Q

Highest risk factor for a embolytic stroke

A

carotid plaque

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13
Q

Treatment used for ischemic stroke

A

TPA

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14
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator is contraindicated in what population

A

Elderly (over 80 y/o) diabetics, patients using anticoagulants, patients who have had hemorrhagic stroke

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15
Q

Post stroke these patients need some of the following medications depending on the cause of the stroke

A

What are anticoagulants (A-FIB), what are anti hypertensives (HTN), what are antiplatelets (prevent blood clots from forming), what are lipid lowering agents (prevent carotid plaque build up)

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16
Q

New onset of back pain radiating down the left leg could be a symptom of

A

a spinal cord tumor

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17
Q

A patient who has a cervical spinal cord injury needs to be watched for this

A

Respiratory distress (monitor respiratory pattern and airway)

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18
Q

A patient w a spinal cord injury is at Risk for this disorder when they have symptoms of HTN with Bradycardia

A

Autonomic Dysreflexia (treatment is raise HOB greater than 45 degrees)

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19
Q

This disorder is due to nerve root compression and causes low back pain, weakness, numbness in the affected extremity, inability to control motor movement in the affected area

A

Radiculopathy

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20
Q

S/s of this disorder include photophobia, nuchal rigidity, neck pain, fever, headache, change in mental status, chills, N&V

A

What is meningitis (treatment is long term antibiotics and a cool blanket will help decrease O2 demand in the brain)

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21
Q

This is a disorder when Vitamin B 12 is not being absorbed

A

Pernicious Anemia

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22
Q

This is a type of anemia caused by bone marrow producing inadequate cells

A

Aplastic Anemia

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23
Q

This anemia requires a diet high in red meat, green leafy vegetables, and citrus

A

Iron deficiency anemia

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24
Q

A S/s of this deficiency is confusion

A

Folic Acid Deficiency

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25
Q

S/s of this disorder are elevated temperature, decreased O2 sat, pain

A

Sickle cell crisis

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26
Q

Risk factors for this disorder include severe cold temperatures, high altitude, fever, dehydration

A

Sickle cell Crisis

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27
Q

Treatment for this disorder includes O2 via NC 2-3L, fluid resuscitation

A

Sickle Cell Crisis

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28
Q

A renal failure diagnosis with anemia is due to the loss of this hormone

A

Erythropoietin

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29
Q

A patient who has just suffered a TBI has clear drainage from his nose and ears what do we suspect had occurred

A

Skull fracture (CSF fluid leak) It is important to collect this fluid on gauze for testing and this is a life threatening emergency that can lead to meningitis (Basilar Skull fx has bruising around the ears)

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30
Q

A tonic-clonic seizure last more than 5 minutes what is the priority?

A

Call 911 bc they are going to Jeff an airway (one of the ordered medications for seizure activity is Ativan)

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31
Q

S/s of this disorder include bradykinesia impairment of voluntary motor control and slow movements, shuffled gait, dragging of 1 or both feet when walking

A

What is Parkinson’s disease (one medication used is carbidopa/ levodopa aka sinemet)

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32
Q

S/s of this disorder include word recall issues and not knowing they have been incontinent of bowls

A

Alzheimer’s

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33
Q

It is recommended that you have this test done when you are sleep deprived

A

EEG (this test is measuring the electrical activity in the brain and sleep deprivation can cause seizure activity which is helpful during testing)

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34
Q

Treatment of this disorder includes placing the head and neck in a neutral position, elevating the HOB higher than 60 degrees

A

What is ICP intercranial pressure (placing the head and neck in a neutral position and elevating the HOB more than 60 degrees helps facilitate venous drainage from the head and decreases pressure on the internal jugular vein

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35
Q

hemoglobin levels

A

12-18 g/dL or 120-180 g/L

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36
Q

What is Carbidopa-levapdopa
Used for?

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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37
Q

Medical marjuana med name/use for

A

Epidiolex
Parkinson’s

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38
Q

A positive result from this test indicates upper motor neuron lesion which damages the corticospinal tract of the spinal cord

A

What is a Positive Babinski Response (often from chronic alcohol or substance abuse, MS or TBI)

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39
Q

With this disorder patients will eventually lose all motor control

A

What is ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) they can eventually have difficulty swallowing and if choking or coughing excessively during meals we need to check for aspirations by auscultating lungs

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40
Q

Hematuria is a sign of this cancer

A

Bladder Cancer

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41
Q

Parenthesis’s of the fingertips and cardiac dysrhythmias are s/s of

A

Tumor lysis syndrome

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42
Q

We must restrict visitors who have been sick when someone has disorder

A

What is Leukemia with neutropenia caused by chemotherapy (reverse precautions are used to protect the patient who is severely immunocompromised and we may need to have no flowers and a diet w no fresh fruits or vegetables)

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43
Q

One way to reduce your risk of cancer

A

What is wear sunscreen or quit smoking

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44
Q

We do chemotherapy prior to surgery to

A

shrink the size of the tumor

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45
Q

Males are at increased risk for these types of cancer

A

What is colorectal melanoma of the skin, prostate and bladder

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46
Q

Debunking a brain tumor consists of the use of this type of medication

A

What are steroids (remember patients on steroids are at risk for hyperglycemia, they are immunocompromised and we never stop steroids suddenly they are always tapered)

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47
Q

These tumors stay in one area and have a slower growth rate

A

Benign Tumors

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48
Q

These tumors can grow back, grow uncontrollably and invade surrounding tissue and vessels

A

what are malignant tumors (they destroy normal tissue, steal nutrition, create their own blood vessels and survive anoxic or acidotic conditions)

49
Q

The risk factors for this cancer are excessive alcohol use, obesity, high fat diet, chronic bowel disease, history of polyps

A

Colon cancer

50
Q

The patient who has a history of this is at increased risk for bladder, esophageal, gastric, cervical, head, neck, lung and pancreatic cancer

A

Cigarette smoking

51
Q

By limiting alcohol consumption, limiting second hand smoke exposure and wearing sunscreen you can decrease your risk for

A

Cancer

52
Q

This makes you at higher risk for cervical, nasal, oral, head and neck and pharyngeal cancer

A

HPV

53
Q

Gardasil 9 should be given prior to sexual activity and is used to prevent this

A

HPV

54
Q

This can lead to superior vena cava syndrome so we have to monitor the patient for SOB

A

Malignant Lymphoma

55
Q

The patient with this type of leukemia is at risk for bleeding

A

What is AML (acute myeloid leukemia) this is due to low levels of platelets

56
Q

A patient reports seeing a blue shadow before having a seizure this is called a

A

What is an AURA (this can visual, auditory, or olfactory)

57
Q

The patient has just had a olfactory aura so we should implement what seizure precautions

A

What is lower the patient to the ground, remove shar objects, as or protect their head (record the time it starts and ends and what was occurring during the seizure, lace them on their side to prevent aspiration

58
Q

What is the most common type of headaches in adults?

A

Tension headache

59
Q

What type of shock occurs after a spinal cord injury

A

Neurogenic a.k.a. distributive shock

60
Q

What type of shock occurs from large blood loss

A

Hypovolemic shock

61
Q

What type of shock occurs with an infected central line catheter

A

Septic shock

62
Q

What type of shock occurs when there ischema related to decreased coronary perfusion

A

Cardiogenic shock

63
Q

What type of shock occurs when a patient is allergic to shellfish and has contrast dye

A

Anaphylactic shock

64
Q

A patient is having 10 tension test for suspected myasthenia gravis, and it is vital to have this medication available as an antidote

A

Atropine sulfate

65
Q

HEMOCRIT normal levels

A

Male: 41%-50%
Female: 36%-48%

66
Q

Erythropoietin (EPO) levels

A

2.6-18.5 mU/mL
3.7-36 UI/L

67
Q

RBC

A

Men: 4.0-5.9 x 10^12 /L
Female: 3.8-5.2 x10^12/ L

68
Q

Multiple myeloma S/s?

A

-fatigue
-weakness
-bone pain
-recurrent infections
-weight loss
-parenthesia

69
Q

Normal platelet level

A

150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood

70
Q

Iron deficiency s/s

A

-fatigue
-pallor
-tachycardia
-Glossitis
-koilonychias

71
Q

Pop at risk for non Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

Whites

72
Q

Pop at risk for hodgkins

A

-white
-black
-Asian

73
Q

Who’s at risk for vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency

A

-elders
-malabsorption issues
-autoimmune disorders
-AIDS
-chronic Alc use
-crohns & celiacs
-long term ppis & h2 blockers

74
Q

Where is B12 found?

A

In animal proteins

75
Q

Additional risks for folic acid defieniecy

A

B12 risks
+ pts w RA treated w methotrexate
- hemodialysis
-pregnancy

76
Q

What s/s are present in b12 deficiency but not folic acid deficiency

A

Neurological symptoms

77
Q

What should ots avoid in folic acid deficiency

A

-excessive heat/cold

78
Q

Sickle cell crisis prevention

A

-dehydration
-cold temps
-tight clothes
-overexacerbation
-infection
-places w low o2 (depressurization airplanes or high mountains)

79
Q

S/s sickle cell anemia

A

-fatigue
-pallor
-pulmonary infiltrate
-SOB
-sputum production
-cognitive impairment
-pain/swelling in Joints, bones, abdomen
-fever
-tachycardia
-delayed wound healing
-psychological issues
-delayed growth in children
-hand/foot syndrome

80
Q

What are pts w sickle cell anemia prone to?

A

-cerebravascular accidents
-infection

81
Q

What is AML caused by?

A

Exposure to radiation/ benzene

82
Q

Labs for Multiple Myeloma

A

C-hypercalcemia >11.5 g/dl
R-renal insufficiency (serum creatinine >2mg/dL
A- anemia- hemoglobin <10g/dL
B- bone disease (lytic lesions, severe osteopenia, pathological fractures)

83
Q

What is AML

A

Acute unknown stimulus mutates myeloid

84
Q

What is multiple myeloma

A

Hematologic malignancy involving cells or immune system producing antibodies
-incurable B cell malignancy

85
Q

Anemia in renal failure

A

Renal failure causes lose in EPO causing anemia

86
Q

ANC level that indicates infection

A

<500

87
Q

What can cause encephalitis

A

-enteroviruses
(Herpes 1&2, arboviruses: rabies, Lyme, west Nile virus)
-latent virus of varicella- zoster (chicken pox), rubella, mumps and German measles

88
Q

3 categories of GCS

A

-mild 13-15
-moderate 9-12
-severe <8

89
Q

What is a positive babinski sign

A

Toes flare up from stimulus

90
Q

Migraine treatment

A

-norvas/ amlodipine
-NSAIDS
-sometimes steroids
-maybe caffeine

91
Q

Meningitis major s/s

A

-headaches
-stiff neck
-fever
- high wbc
-photophobia
-rhinorrhea

92
Q

Meningitis diagnosis

A

-lumbar puncture wbc

93
Q

What is an atonic seizure

A

Sudden loss, diminished muscle tone without clonic/tonic event
1-2 seconds
Involved head neck and trunk jaw limb

94
Q

Myoclonic seizures

A

Sudden brief, involuntary single or multiple contractions of muscle/muscle groups

95
Q

Tonic seizures

A

Increase in muscle contraction lasting a few seconds to minutes

96
Q

Tonic-conic

A

Tonic symptoms followed by a clonic phase

97
Q

Absent seizure

A

-5-10 seconds daydreaming

98
Q

What to do and why if seizure longer then 5 minutes

A

-airway due to lack of o2
-administer Ativan

99
Q

S/s spinal cord tumor

A

New onset back pain done left leg

100
Q

What is spinal stenosis & s/s

A

Narrowing related to age

-Muscle spasms in area of stenosis
-loss of spinal muscle strength

101
Q

What is radioculopathy & s/s

A

Nerve route compression

-pain
-weakness
-numbness
-loss of movement

102
Q

Herniated disk immediate intervention

A

Urinary uncontinence putting pressure on spinal cord

103
Q

Confusion w MS s/s

A

If on medications hard to tell if meds are causing speech difficulty or if MS is

104
Q

Secondary progressive MS

A

Relapse/ remit with worsening. Not back 100%. General deterioration. No new disability between attacks

105
Q

Progressive MS

A

Steady increase in disabilities w/out attacks

106
Q

Treatment for MS

A

-PT
-ROM

107
Q

ALS s/s

A

-muscle cramps/stiffness, gradual weaken/atrophy and twitch
-spasticity
-flaccidity
- lost of mobility 1 hands, 2 legs, swallowing then can’t breath while AO
-weight loss
-tongue atrophy

108
Q

Complication prevention of ALS

A

-cough and deep breath
-turn & reposition
-ROM
-speech, swallow evaluation- maybe PEG tube

109
Q

Care for HALO

A

-good pin care to prevent infection
-watch for crusty drainage/bleeding/swollen/red/painful
-C3-C5 BREATHING

110
Q

MS, Gillian barre, Als Testing for in a lumbar puncture

A

Proteins

111
Q

Meningitis tests for

A

WBC

112
Q

Pt w absorption issues cannot have oral b12 must have

A

IM Injections

113
Q

Folic acid diet

A

Cereals and grains

114
Q

Aplastic anemia treatment

A

Blood transfusions
Bone marrow transplant

115
Q

Multiple myeloma definitive level

A

Creatinine levels above 1.3

116
Q

Med you should not give with encephalitis

A

Lasix

117
Q

Gillian bares what indicated you have it

A

No reflexes

118
Q

Where does Gillian barres diease start

A

Feet

119
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A

C5 yay

Med Surg 2 (4 decks)

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