***neuro - olfaction Flashcards by janai oneal

bipolar cells only found where

olfactory system and retina

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peripheral origin of olfactory sysem

olfactory epithelium

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olfactory epithelium contain which of the following?

a. receptor cells
b. inhibitory fibers
c. Bowman’s gland ducts
d. Hassl’s corpuscles
e. Sensory endings from CNVI
f. Sensory endings from CNV

a,c,f

receptor cells, Bowman’s gland ducts, sensory endings from CNV

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olfactory cilia are chemosensitive

T/F

true

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olfactory receptor dendrites end where

olfactory vesicle

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olfactory receptor cilia spread over

mucous secreted by Bowman’s glands

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bundle of olfactory receptors

olfactory fila

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where do olfactory fila go?

holes in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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what makes up CNI

olfactory fila

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where do olfactory fila end after passing thru cribiform plate?

olfactory bulb

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olfactory bulb is an outgrowth of :

telencephalon

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olfactory bulb reaches contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere?

ipsilateral

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regulate sensitivity of olfactory bulb

collaterals to anterior olfactory nucleus

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olfactory cortex fibers cross midline at corpus callosum T/F

cross midline at anterior commissure

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olfactory bulb projections go where? (2)

primary olfactory cortex

amygdala

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primary olfactory cortex consists of (3)

piriform cortex
periamygdaloid cortex
parahippocampal gyri

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cortex around lateral olfactory tract

piriform cortex

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olfactory projections sent to

DMN, to primary olfactory CORTEX, orbital frontal lobe & ant insula

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major role in adjusting focus for far/near objects and partial role in refraction

lens

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where is most refraction done?

air/water interface at corneal surface

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affects brightness and quality of image focused on retina

iris

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bipolar cells project to

2nd synapse

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bipolar cells terminate on

ganglion cells and amacrine cells

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amacrine cells

interconnect bipolar, ganglion, other amacrine cells

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1st synapse layer terminate:

bipolar and horizontal cells

horizontal cells

spread laterally and interconnect receptors, bipolar cells, other horizontal cells

where do retinal synapses occur?

2 interposed layers of retina

how many nuclear layers in retina?

outer segment of photoreceptors contain:

visual pigment proteins | rods and cones

mitochondria synthesize pigment where

inner segment of photoreceptor

T/F? Photons absorbed in photoreceptors cause receptor potential

true

T/F? Old disk membranes containing pigment are kept through old age

false; phagocytosed by pigment epithelium

fovea

area of macula where centermost region is filled with cones

T/F ? fovea is lateral to visual axis

false; directly in line with visual axis

ganglion cell axons in optic nerve travel to

LGN

optic tract fibers end where?

LGN of thalamus

optic radiations in internal capsule - superior visual field

sublenticular IC

optic radiations in internal capsule - inferior visual field

retrolenticular IC

fibers from temporal retina go:

ipsilateral optic tract

fibers from nasal retina go:

contralateral optic tract

magnocellular layers of LGN

1,2 movement, location, and contrast dorsal striate cortex

parvocellular layers of LGN

3-6 color and form ventral striate cortex

optic radiations end retinotopically where

occipital lobe above and below calcarine sulcus

thin stripe of myelin in primary visual cortex

line of gennari

hemianopia

loss of half a visual field

homonymous

same visual field lost in both eyes

heteronymous

2 eyes lose different visual field

damage anterior to chiasm

affects ipsilateral eye

damage at chiasm

heteronymous defects

damage to optic tract

homonymous defects

quadrantanoptia caused by

temporal lobe lesion interrupting Meyer's Loop

Meyer's loop represents

inferior retinal quadrants

results in deficit sparing macula

PCA injury

when does pupillary light reflex reach cortex?

doesn't go to cortex

afferent limb for pupillary light reflex

CNII

lesion on optic nerve - affect pupillary light reflex

both sides affected when shining into affected eye

optic radiations lesion affect light reflex

doesn't go to cortex = no affect

visual cortex lesion affect light reflex

no effect

lesion on CNIII affect light reflex

only on affected side

light reflex first synapse where

pretectal nucleus -> bilateral projections to edinger westphal nucleus -> CNIII (efferent) -> ciliary ganglion -> ciliary n.

what are other destinations for visual information?

superior coliculus to pretectal (bypass LGN) | hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus)

primary visual cortex distributes information where

specialized parts of extrastriate cortex

striate cortex arrangement

columnar

extrastriate cortex damage

difficulty distinguishing colors, ID face, motion