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Anatomy Unit 3 Final > ***neuro - olfaction > Flashcards

***neuro - olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

bipolar cells only found where

A

olfactory system and retina

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2
Q

peripheral origin of olfactory sysem

A

olfactory epithelium

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3
Q

olfactory epithelium contain which of the following?

a. receptor cells
b. inhibitory fibers
c. Bowman’s gland ducts
d. Hassl’s corpuscles
e. Sensory endings from CNVI
f. Sensory endings from CNV

A

a,c,f

receptor cells, Bowman’s gland ducts, sensory endings from CNV

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4
Q

olfactory cilia are chemosensitive

T/F

A

true

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5
Q

olfactory receptor dendrites end where

A

olfactory vesicle

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6
Q

olfactory receptor cilia spread over

A

mucous secreted by Bowman’s glands

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7
Q

bundle of olfactory receptors

A

olfactory fila

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8
Q

where do olfactory fila go?

A

holes in cribiform plate of ethmoid bone

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9
Q

what makes up CNI

A

olfactory fila

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10
Q

where do olfactory fila end after passing thru cribiform plate?

A

olfactory bulb

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11
Q

olfactory bulb is an outgrowth of :

A

telencephalon

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12
Q

olfactory bulb reaches contralateral or ipsilateral hemisphere?

A

ipsilateral

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13
Q

regulate sensitivity of olfactory bulb

A

collaterals to anterior olfactory nucleus

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14
Q

olfactory cortex fibers cross midline at corpus callosum T/F

A

cross midline at anterior commissure

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15
Q

olfactory bulb projections go where? (2)

A

primary olfactory cortex

amygdala

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16
Q

primary olfactory cortex consists of (3)

A

piriform cortex
periamygdaloid cortex
parahippocampal gyri

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17
Q

cortex around lateral olfactory tract

A

piriform cortex

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18
Q

olfactory projections sent to

A

DMN, to primary olfactory CORTEX, orbital frontal lobe & ant insula

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19
Q

major role in adjusting focus for far/near objects and partial role in refraction

A

lens

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20
Q

where is most refraction done?

A

air/water interface at corneal surface

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21
Q

affects brightness and quality of image focused on retina

A

iris

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22
Q

bipolar cells project to

A

2nd synapse

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23
Q

bipolar cells terminate on

A

ganglion cells and amacrine cells

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24
Q

amacrine cells

A

interconnect bipolar, ganglion, other amacrine cells

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25
Q

1st synapse layer terminate:

A

bipolar and horizontal cells

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26
Q

horizontal cells

A

spread laterally and interconnect receptors, bipolar cells, other horizontal cells

27
Q

where do retinal synapses occur?

A

2 interposed layers of retina

28
Q

how many nuclear layers in retina?

A

3

29
Q

outer segment of photoreceptors contain:

A

visual pigment proteins

rods and cones

30
Q

mitochondria synthesize pigment where

A

inner segment of photoreceptor

31
Q

T/F? Photons absorbed in photoreceptors cause receptor potential

A

true

32
Q

T/F? Old disk membranes containing pigment are kept through old age

A

false; phagocytosed by pigment epithelium

33
Q

fovea

A

area of macula where centermost region is filled with cones

34
Q

T/F ? fovea is lateral to visual axis

A

false; directly in line with visual axis

35
Q

ganglion cell axons in optic nerve travel to

A

LGN

36
Q

optic tract fibers end where?

A

LGN of thalamus

37
Q

optic radiations in internal capsule - superior visual field

A

sublenticular IC

38
Q

optic radiations in internal capsule - inferior visual field

A

retrolenticular IC

39
Q

fibers from temporal retina go:

A

ipsilateral optic tract

40
Q

fibers from nasal retina go:

A

contralateral optic tract

41
Q

magnocellular layers of LGN

A

1,2
movement, location, and contrast
dorsal striate cortex

42
Q

parvocellular layers of LGN

A

3-6
color and form
ventral striate cortex

43
Q

optic radiations end retinotopically where

A

occipital lobe above and below calcarine sulcus

44
Q

thin stripe of myelin in primary visual cortex

A

line of gennari

45
Q

hemianopia

A

loss of half a visual field

46
Q

homonymous

A

same visual field lost in both eyes

47
Q

heteronymous

A

2 eyes lose different visual field

48
Q

damage anterior to chiasm

A

affects ipsilateral eye

49
Q

damage at chiasm

A

heteronymous defects

50
Q

damage to optic tract

A

homonymous defects

51
Q

quadrantanoptia caused by

A

temporal lobe lesion interrupting Meyer’s Loop

52
Q

Meyer’s loop represents

A

inferior retinal quadrants

53
Q

results in deficit sparing macula

A

PCA injury

54
Q

when does pupillary light reflex reach cortex?

A

doesn’t go to cortex

55
Q

afferent limb for pupillary light reflex

A

CNII

56
Q

lesion on optic nerve - affect pupillary light reflex

A

both sides affected when shining into affected eye

57
Q

optic radiations lesion affect light reflex

A

doesn’t go to cortex = no affect

58
Q

visual cortex lesion affect light reflex

A

no effect

59
Q

lesion on CNIII affect light reflex

A

only on affected side

60
Q

light reflex first synapse where

A

pretectal nucleus -> bilateral projections to edinger westphal nucleus -> CNIII (efferent) -> ciliary ganglion -> ciliary n.

61
Q

what are other destinations for visual information?

A

superior coliculus to pretectal (bypass LGN)

hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic nucleus)

62
Q

primary visual cortex distributes information where

A

specialized parts of extrastriate cortex

63
Q

striate cortex arrangement

A

columnar

64
Q

extrastriate cortex damage

A

difficulty distinguishing colors, ID face, motion

Anatomy Unit 3 Final (12 decks)

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