Neuro- Basal Ganglia Flashcards
striatum includes
caudate
putamen
nucleus accumbens
lenticular nucleus includes
globus pallidus interna & externa
putamen
subthalamic nucleus is developmentally part of
diencephalon
substantia nigra location
midbrain
caudate is part of what structure
wall of lateral ventricle
putamen coincides with
insula - extends expanse of
key output structure of basal ganglia
globus pallidus
basal ganglia related movement disorders can cause:
involuntary, hyperkinetic movements
difficulty initiating movement
perturbed muscle tone
substantia nigra compacta
pigmented neurons
modulatory dopaminergic projections to striatum
substantia nigra reticulata
non pigmented neurons
basal ganglia output nucleus
basal ganglia function
motor control med. by interactions w/ cortex
modulate cortical output via parallel loops
basal ganglia outputs
SNr and GPi
basal ganglia input
cortical afferents to striatum & subthalamus
basal ganglia excitatory connections use:
glutamate
basal ganglia inhibitory connections use:
GABA
basal ganglia excitatory connections
thalamocortical & corticostriate
basal ganglia inhibitory connections
GPi & SNr
basal ganglia inhibitory connections
GPi & SNr
basal ganglia role in motor control
influence descending motor pathway
Huntington’s Disease
degeneration of striatum (caudate > putamen)
chorea, rigidity, cognitive disturbances
damage to subthalamus
thalamic disinhibition -> failure to suppress cortical outputs = involuntary movements
hemiballismus
hemiballismus
dramatic movement disorder
flailing limbs
usually due to stroke or CVA
parkinson’s disease features
bradykinesia
resting tremor
rigidity
parkinson’s disease
SNc neurons contain Lewy bodies
