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Anatomy Unit 3 Final > Gross- Superior & Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Gross- Superior & Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Divisions of the mediastinum

A 
Superior
Inferior
    anterior 
    middle
    posterior
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2
Q

Mediastinum boundaries

A

ext. from thoracic inlet to diaphragm & from sternum to T12

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3
Q

superior mediastinum location

A

oblique plane

jugular notch -> up and posterior -> superior border of T1

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4
Q

Components of superior mediastinum

A 
thymus 
SVC and great vv.
arch of aorta & great aa.
Vagus & phrenic nn.
trachea & esophagus
thoracic duct
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5
Q

thymus gland is part of and continuous with

A

pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

thymus gland location

A

posterior to manubrium
anterior to brachiocephalic vv.
can be see up to thyroid

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7
Q

L brachiocephalic vein crosses where?

A

anterior to great arteries and trachea

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8
Q

how is SVC formed?

A

R and L brachiocephalic vv. converge superiorly

also gets azygous v. input

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9
Q

aortic arch begins ______ and ends ______

A

begins and ends at sternal angle T45

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10
Q

takes outflow from left ventricle

A

ascending aorta

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11
Q

how does aortic arch arise?

A

ascending aorta leaves middle mediastinum and continues into superior mediastinum as aortic arch

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12
Q

aortic arch gives rise to

A

brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid a.
L subclavian a.

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13
Q

aortic arch arches over which structures

A

pulmonary trunk

L main bronchus

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14
Q

carotid sheath extent

A

inferior extent to aortic arch

part of sheath wraps around inferior arch

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15
Q

Vagus and Phrenic nn. pass through what structure

A

thoracic inlet between a. & v.

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16
Q

L vagus n. travels between

A

L common carotid and L subclavian vv.

post. to root of lung

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17
Q

R vagus travels between

A

brachiocephalic trunk and brachiocephalic v

post. to root of lung

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18
Q

where does phrenic n. run?

A

travels inf. across anterior scalene m.
passes thru thoracic inlet btw subclavian a & v
anterior to root of lung

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19
Q

vagus nerve innervation

A

parasympathetic to thorax & abdomen

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20
Q

L recurrently laryngeal n.

A

branch of L vagus
loops under aortic arch
post to ligamentum arteriosum

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21
Q

phrenic n. innervation

A

somatic inn. to diaphragm

pain information back up spinal cord

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22
Q

pericardiacophrenic vv. supply

A

superior diaphragm and pericardium

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23
Q

phrenic nerves

A

C3-5

perceive pain as supraclavicular

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24
Q

IVC passes through diaphragm at

A

T8

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25
Q

aorta passes through diaphragm at

A

T12

26
Q

sensory innervation to periphery of diaphragm

A

intercostal nerves

27
Q

sensory to central 2/3 diaphragm

A

phrenic n.

28
Q

phrenic n. mainly sensory or motor?

A

motor

29
Q

location of trachea bifurcation

A

inferior limit of superior mediastinum

30
Q

carina

A

bifurcation of trachea
many lymph nodes found here
usually positioned L of medial plane

31
Q

R main bronchus

A

shorter, wider than L
foreign objects aspirated here
more vertically oriented

32
Q

esophagus limits

A

begins in neck, inferior cricoid cartilage

ends at piercing of diaphragm at esophageal hiatus

33
Q

where does esophagus empty?

A

cardiac region of stomach

34
Q

esophagus lymphatic drainage to

A

posterior mediastium

35
Q

venous drainage esophagus -

A

azygos, hemiazygos, L gastric v.

36
Q

esophagus arteries arise from

A

thoracic a.
bronchial aa.
ascending L gastric a.

37
Q

hiatal hernia

A

stomach slides through esophageal hiatus

38
Q

type I hiatal hernia

A

sliding hiatal hernia
stomach slides freely into thorax
common, asymptomatic

39
Q

type II hiatal hernia

A

paraesophageal hernia
fundus caught above diaphragm = permanent stretching
fixed = impaired blood supply

40
Q

posterior mediastinum boundaries

A

posterior to pericardium
anterior to vertebral bodies
sternal angle (T4,5 to T12)

41
Q

retropharyngeal space

A

between prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia

42
Q

alar

A

anterior layer of prevertebral fascia

43
Q

posterior mediastinum contents

A 
esopagus & esophageal plexus
azygos vv. 
descending aorta
thoracic duct
thoracic splanchnic nn.
44
Q

esophageal plexus

A

both vagus nn. join to form plexus around esophagus
both trunks pass thru diaphragm w/ esophagus
reform to make vagal trunk around diaphragm

45
Q

due to gut rotation during development, L and R vagus nn. become:

A 
L = anterior vagal trunk
R = posterior vagal trunk
46
Q

azygos system provides

A

venous drainage of thorax

alternative drainage

47
Q

azygos v. drains

A

intercostal vv. from R thorax and

begins as R ascending lumbar converges

48
Q

hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos vv. drain

A

L thorax

both drain to azygos v.

49
Q

course of azygos v.

A

arches over R superior bronchus to supply SVC

50
Q

descending aorta location

A

just L of esophagus

51
Q

descending aorta supplies

A

branches to trachea, bronchi, esophagus

gives rise to posterior intercostal aa. supplying thorax

52
Q

thoracic duct location

A

arises in abdomen at bifurcation of abdominal aorta (L4)
post. to esophagus
anterior to vertebral bodies
btw azygos and descending aorta

53
Q

thoracic duct drains

A

entire body below diaphragm

54
Q

thoracic duct passes through _______ with descending aorta

A

diaphragm

55
Q

chylothorax

A 
accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity 
torn of leaking thoracic duct
result of lymphoma or trauma
visible on CXR
type of pleural effusion
56
Q

branches from sympathetic chain ganglia - postganglionic sympathetic

A

to thoracic viscera
synapse IN chain ganglia
T1-5 sympathetics supply thoracic viscera thru esophageal, cardiac, pulmonary plexuses

57
Q

branches from sympathetic chain ganglia - preganglionic sympathetic

A

innervate abdominal viscera (not thorax) T5-12

do NOT synapse in chain

58
Q

preganglionic sympathetics leave sympathetic chain as

A

splanchnic (viscera) nerve
T5-12 abdominal viscera
more medial than sympathetic chain

59
Q

splanchnic nerve divisions

A

Greater T5-9
Lesser T10-11
Least T12

60
Q

3 thoraxic plexuses

A

cardiac, esophageal, pulmonary

61
Q

thoracic autonomics

A

symp- from T1-5 to thoracic plexuses

parasymp- from CNX

Anatomy Unit 3 Final (12 decks)

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