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Anatomy Unit 3 Final > Gross- Superior & Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

Gross- Superior & Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Divisions of the mediastinum

A 
Superior
Inferior
    anterior 
    middle
    posterior
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2
Q

Mediastinum boundaries

A

ext. from thoracic inlet to diaphragm & from sternum to T12

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3
Q

superior mediastinum location

A

oblique plane

jugular notch -> up and posterior -> superior border of T1

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4
Q

Components of superior mediastinum

A 
thymus 
SVC and great vv.
arch of aorta & great aa.
Vagus & phrenic nn.
trachea & esophagus
thoracic duct
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5
Q

thymus gland is part of and continuous with

A

pretracheal fascia

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6
Q

thymus gland location

A

posterior to manubrium
anterior to brachiocephalic vv.
can be see up to thyroid

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7
Q

L brachiocephalic vein crosses where?

A

anterior to great arteries and trachea

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8
Q

how is SVC formed?

A

R and L brachiocephalic vv. converge superiorly

also gets azygous v. input

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9
Q

aortic arch begins ______ and ends ______

A

begins and ends at sternal angle T45

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10
Q

takes outflow from left ventricle

A

ascending aorta

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11
Q

how does aortic arch arise?

A

ascending aorta leaves middle mediastinum and continues into superior mediastinum as aortic arch

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12
Q

aortic arch gives rise to

A

brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid a.
L subclavian a.

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13
Q

aortic arch arches over which structures

A

pulmonary trunk

L main bronchus

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14
Q

carotid sheath extent

A

inferior extent to aortic arch

part of sheath wraps around inferior arch

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15
Q

Vagus and Phrenic nn. pass through what structure

A

thoracic inlet between a. & v.

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16
Q

L vagus n. travels between

A

L common carotid and L subclavian vv.

post. to root of lung

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17
Q

R vagus travels between

A

brachiocephalic trunk and brachiocephalic v

post. to root of lung

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18
Q

where does phrenic n. run?

A

travels inf. across anterior scalene m.
passes thru thoracic inlet btw subclavian a & v
anterior to root of lung

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19
Q

vagus nerve innervation

A

parasympathetic to thorax & abdomen

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20
Q

L recurrently laryngeal n.

A

branch of L vagus
loops under aortic arch
post to ligamentum arteriosum

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21
Q

phrenic n. innervation

A

somatic inn. to diaphragm

pain information back up spinal cord

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22
Q

pericardiacophrenic vv. supply

A

superior diaphragm and pericardium

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23
Q

phrenic nerves

A

C3-5

perceive pain as supraclavicular

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24
Q

IVC passes through diaphragm at

A

T8

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25
aorta passes through diaphragm at
T12
26
sensory innervation to periphery of diaphragm
intercostal nerves
27
sensory to central 2/3 diaphragm
phrenic n.
28
phrenic n. mainly sensory or motor?
motor
29
location of trachea bifurcation
inferior limit of superior mediastinum
30
carina
bifurcation of trachea many lymph nodes found here usually positioned L of medial plane
31
R main bronchus
shorter, wider than L foreign objects aspirated here more vertically oriented
32
esophagus limits
begins in neck, inferior cricoid cartilage | ends at piercing of diaphragm at esophageal hiatus
33
where does esophagus empty?
cardiac region of stomach
34
esophagus lymphatic drainage to
posterior mediastium
35
venous drainage esophagus -
azygos, hemiazygos, L gastric v.
36
esophagus arteries arise from
thoracic a. bronchial aa. ascending L gastric a.
37
hiatal hernia
stomach slides through esophageal hiatus
38
type I hiatal hernia
sliding hiatal hernia stomach slides freely into thorax common, asymptomatic
39
type II hiatal hernia
paraesophageal hernia fundus caught above diaphragm = permanent stretching fixed = impaired blood supply
40
posterior mediastinum boundaries
posterior to pericardium anterior to vertebral bodies sternal angle (T4,5 to T12)
41
retropharyngeal space
between prevertebral fascia and buccopharyngeal fascia
42
alar
anterior layer of prevertebral fascia
43
posterior mediastinum contents
``` esopagus & esophageal plexus azygos vv. descending aorta thoracic duct thoracic splanchnic nn. ```
44
esophageal plexus
both vagus nn. join to form plexus around esophagus both trunks pass thru diaphragm w/ esophagus reform to make vagal trunk around diaphragm
45
due to gut rotation during development, L and R vagus nn. become:
``` L = anterior vagal trunk R = posterior vagal trunk ```
46
azygos system provides
venous drainage of thorax | alternative drainage
47
azygos v. drains
intercostal vv. from R thorax and | begins as R ascending lumbar converges
48
hemiazygos & accessory hemiazygos vv. drain
L thorax | both drain to azygos v.
49
course of azygos v.
arches over R superior bronchus to supply SVC
50
descending aorta location
just L of esophagus
51
descending aorta supplies
branches to trachea, bronchi, esophagus | gives rise to posterior intercostal aa. supplying thorax
52
thoracic duct location
arises in abdomen at bifurcation of abdominal aorta (L4) post. to esophagus anterior to vertebral bodies btw azygos and descending aorta
53
thoracic duct drains
entire body below diaphragm
54
thoracic duct passes through _______ with descending aorta
diaphragm
55
chylothorax
``` accumulation of lymph in pleural cavity torn of leaking thoracic duct result of lymphoma or trauma visible on CXR type of pleural effusion ```
56
branches from sympathetic chain ganglia - postganglionic sympathetic
to thoracic viscera synapse IN chain ganglia T1-5 sympathetics supply thoracic viscera thru esophageal, cardiac, pulmonary plexuses
57
branches from sympathetic chain ganglia - preganglionic sympathetic
innervate abdominal viscera (not thorax) T5-12 | do NOT synapse in chain
58
preganglionic sympathetics leave sympathetic chain as
splanchnic (viscera) nerve T5-12 abdominal viscera more medial than sympathetic chain
59
splanchnic nerve divisions
Greater T5-9 Lesser T10-11 Least T12
60
3 thoraxic plexuses
cardiac, esophageal, pulmonary
61
thoracic autonomics
symp- from T1-5 to thoracic plexuses | parasymp- from CNX

Anatomy Unit 3 Final (12 decks)

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