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Neuro of Spine Final Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is responsible for redness and hotness in acute inflammation?

A

Increased vascular permeability

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2
Q

Which of the following statements describes neoplasia?

A

Disorganized uncontrolled growth of tissue

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3
Q

Which of the following describes the uncontrolled disorganized deterioration of differentiation seen in a malignant tumor?

A

Anaplasia

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4
Q

The term atrophy is applied in which statement?

A

Decrease in organ size after maturity

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5
Q

WHat is not used to classify tumors?

A

size

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6
Q

What is a characteristic of benign tumors?

A

Being encapsulated

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7
Q

Which of the following describes a benign tumor of a gland?

A

Andenoma

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8
Q

Which of the following results from a decrease of nerve stimulation or reduced blood supply?

A

Atrophy

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9
Q

Which of the following tumors is more likely to have a bad prognosis?

A

Undifferentiated carcinoma

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10
Q

Which of the following is due to vascular endothelial cells contraction in acute inflammation? I

A

increase vascular permeability

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11
Q

Which of the following is a term for reduced blood supply?

A

Ischemia

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12
Q

Which of the following is programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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13
Q

What releases histamine in acute inflammation?

A

Mast Cells

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14
Q

What process describes the leucocytes release from the blood vessels?

A

Diapedesis

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15
Q

Which of the following is the expected outcome of repair to tissues that are able to heal without any loss of function?

A

resolutionq

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16
Q

What accelerates cell aging?

A

Free Radicals

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17
Q

Which of the following mediates early rolling adhesion of leukocytes

A

P-selectin

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18
Q

All of the following are known to delay or impede wound healing except?

A

Formation of granulation tissues

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19
Q

Excess collagen deposition in the skin during wound healing results in which of the following?

A

Keloids

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20
Q

Which of the following is observed in tissues affected by hyperplasis?

A

Increase in organ size

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21
Q

Which of the following is the term that refers to the cellular adaption replacing one type of cell into another due to chronic irritation?

A

Metaplasia

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22
Q

Which of the following types of necrosis is seen in myocardial infraction?

A

Coagulative

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23
Q

Which of the following types of necrosis is seen in abscesses?

A

Liquefactive

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24
Q

What is the name for cell death given under body control?

A

apoptosis

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25
Which of the following is a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle
Rhabdomyosacrocoma
26
What orginates from totipotential cells?
Teratomes
27
Which of the following is thename given to benign change of surface epithelium?
Papiloma
28
Which type of necrosis is found in acture hemorrhagic pancreatitis?
fat enzymatic necrosis
29
What is the most common cause of cellular injury?
Hypoxia
30
Which of the following is a true statement?
Dystrophic calcification occurs in degenerated or necrosed tissues
31
Which of the following is most likely to occur in tuberculous infection?
Caseous necrosis
32
Which of the follows the cellular adaptive mechanisms except?
Neoplasia
33
Which of the following is not caused by the releases of caspases in apoptosis?
Sending a chemical signal to induce inflammation
34
Which of the following results from accumulation of triglycerides within parenchyma cells of visceral organs including the liver heart and kidneys?
Steatosis
35
Which of the following synapse with intrafusal fiber of skeletal muscles?
Gamma motor axons
36
Which of the following is a proprioceptor?
Muscles spindles sensory receptors
37
Which of the following is responsible for the brain perception of the sense of position?
Tactile and joint capsule receptors
38
Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved with sleep disorders and depression?
Serotonin
39
What happens if a drug completely blocked the na+ channels in the nerve?
Blockage of the generation of action potentials occurs.
40
Which of the following is a characteristic of granulomatous inflammation?
Epithelioid is cells
41
All of the following are controlled by the sacral parasympathetic innervations except?
Circulation
42
Which of the following accurately describes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?
It is an autosomal dominant HMSN TYPE 1
43
Ascending paralysis is a manifestation of which of the following conditions?
Guillain-Barré syndrome
44
Herpes zoster viral infections tends to target which of the following?
The sensory ganglia of the spinal cord
45
Which of the following is considered the most common life-threatening disease of the PNS?
Gullian Barre Syndrome
46
Which of the following is associated with leprosy?
Diminished pain sensation
47
Which of the following produces toxins that cause selective axonal demyelination?
Diphtheria
48
Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to which of the following?
Nerve entrapment
49
Which of the following accurately describes guillain barre syndrome
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy
50
Which of the following manifests ascending paralysis in its early stages?
Gullian barre syndrome
51
Which of the follow changes is overseers during microscopic examination of a nerve biopsy indicates the Rosenberg of a deymyelinating disease?
Onion bulb formation
52
Sarcomas metastasize through?
The blood
53
Which of the following tumors is causing the highest rate of mortality making adults in the USA?
Carcinoma of the lung
54
Which of the following explains the leukocytes attraction to the site of the tissues damage in acute inflammations
Chemotaxis
55
Which of the following is responsible for blood vessels vasodilation and increasing the capillary permeability during acute inflammation?
Histamine
56
What process enable the leukocytes to identify the phagocytose foreign materials at the site of injury in acute inflammation?
Opsonization
57
What type of necrosis is found in the brain infarction?
Liquefactive necrosis
58
Which of the following causes dystrophic calcification?
Degeneration or necrotic tissues
59
Which of the following is observed in tirssues affected by hyperplasia?
Excessive organized multiplications of cells under body control
60
Exposure to which of the following chemicals have been linked with increased incidences of mesothelioma of the pleura of the lung?
Asbestos
61
Which of the following receptors is located in the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nerves?
Cholinergenic muscarinic
62
Which of the following is responsible for pain suppression?
The periaqueductal gray
63
Which statement best describes a characteristic functional difference between a Golgi tendon, organ and muscle spindle?
The output, signals of a Golgi tendon organ lead to an activation of the muscle associated with the active tendon organ
64
Irritating, chemical, stimuli and tissues tend to elicit, which of the following?
Slow pains
65
Which of the following is needed to facilitate the release of neural transmitters?
Calcium
66
What type of solution causes red blood cells to shrink if used in a patient?
Hypertonic
67
Which of the following sensations travels through the spinothalamic pathway?
All of the above
68
Which of the following tracks is responsible for the brain perception of sensation of cold and warmth?
The lateral spinothalamic
69
Which of the following is a proprioceptor?
Golgi tendon organ
70
Low frequency, vibrations can be detected by which of the following?
Meissners corpuscles
71
Neurotransmitters are released at the synaptic cleft by?
Exocytosis
72
Which of the following reflects is best describes incoming pain signals that illicit movement performed by antagonistic muscle groups in both upper extremities?
Crossed extensor reflex
73
Cell bodies of the first order neurons of the DC ML lie in which of the following?
Dorsal root ganglion
74
Then you spinothalamic tract receives, which of the following?
A Delta, fibers input
75
The piloerector muscle of skin are innervated by which of the following fiber types?
Cholinergic , postganglionic, sympathetic fibers
76
Under which of the following conditions does counter transfer occur?
Sorry moves the interior, causing the other substances to move to the exterior
77
In the cause of irritation is above the tentorium, the headache usually refer to which of the following area?
The frontal part of the head
78
Anthracosis has a disease that results from excessive exposure to which of the following?
Coal
79
Which type of muscle fibers of design for weight-bearing?
Slow twitch
80
Which of the following is a malignant tumor of smooth muscle?
Leiomyosarcoma
81
Which of the following receptors are described as preganglionic parasympathetic?
Cholinergic nicotinic
82
Which of the following is controlled and stored by the cerebellum?
Procedural memory
83
Which of the following is observed in tissues affected by hypertrophy?
An increase in each of the individuals cell size
84
Which of the following is a benign tumor?
Lipoma
85
Which of the following describes the benign of a gland?
Adenoma
86
Which of the following is due to the accumulation of fat within the liver cells?
Steatosis
87
Which of the following changes as expected to affect the heart an aortic valve stenosis?
Hyper trophy of the left ventricle
88
Which of the following is the expected outcome of repair in Tissues that are able to heal without any loss of function?
Fibrosis
89
Pain sensation is detected by which of the following?
Free nerve endings
90
Cell bodies of second order neurons of the spinothalamic tract, lie ipsilaterally in?
The gray matter of spinal cord
91
Danielle spinothalamic tract receives which of the following?
A delta fibers, input
92
Sympathetic activation of different subtypes of receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, can elicit vasodilation in blood vessels to the skeletal muscles under certain conditions, and vasoconstriction in the same vessels when conditions change
True
93
Conduction from the spinal cord to any visceral affect, requires a really have at least two autonomic motor neurons
True

Neuro of Spine (12 decks)

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