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Neuro of Spine > Neuro of Spine Final Questions > Flashcards

Neuro of Spine Final Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is responsible for redness and hotness in acute inflammation?

A

Increased vascular permeability

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2
Q

Which of the following statements describes neoplasia?

A

Disorganized uncontrolled growth of tissue

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3
Q

Which of the following describes the uncontrolled disorganized deterioration of differentiation seen in a malignant tumor?

A

Anaplasia

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4
Q

The term atrophy is applied in which statement?

A

Decrease in organ size after maturity

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5
Q

WHat is not used to classify tumors?

A

size

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6
Q

What is a characteristic of benign tumors?

A

Being encapsulated

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7
Q

Which of the following describes a benign tumor of a gland?

A

Andenoma

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8
Q

Which of the following results from a decrease of nerve stimulation or reduced blood supply?

A

Atrophy

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9
Q

Which of the following tumors is more likely to have a bad prognosis?

A

Undifferentiated carcinoma

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10
Q

Which of the following is due to vascular endothelial cells contraction in acute inflammation? I

A

increase vascular permeability

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11
Q

Which of the following is a term for reduced blood supply?

A

Ischemia

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12
Q

Which of the following is programmed cell death?

A

Apoptosis

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13
Q

What releases histamine in acute inflammation?

A

Mast Cells

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14
Q

What process describes the leucocytes release from the blood vessels?

A

Diapedesis

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15
Q

Which of the following is the expected outcome of repair to tissues that are able to heal without any loss of function?

A

resolutionq

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16
Q

What accelerates cell aging?

A

Free Radicals

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17
Q

Which of the following mediates early rolling adhesion of leukocytes

A

P-selectin

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18
Q

All of the following are known to delay or impede wound healing except?

A

Formation of granulation tissues

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19
Q

Excess collagen deposition in the skin during wound healing results in which of the following?

A

Keloids

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20
Q

Which of the following is observed in tissues affected by hyperplasis?

A

Increase in organ size

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21
Q

Which of the following is the term that refers to the cellular adaption replacing one type of cell into another due to chronic irritation?

A

Metaplasia

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22
Q

Which of the following types of necrosis is seen in myocardial infraction?

A

Coagulative

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23
Q

Which of the following types of necrosis is seen in abscesses?

A

Liquefactive

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24
Q

What is the name for cell death given under body control?

A

apoptosis

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25
Q

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of skeletal muscle

A

Rhabdomyosacrocoma

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26
Q

What orginates from totipotential cells?

A

Teratomes

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27
Q

Which of the following is thename given to benign change of surface epithelium?

A

Papiloma

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28
Q

Which type of necrosis is found in acture hemorrhagic pancreatitis?

A

fat enzymatic necrosis

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29
Q

What is the most common cause of cellular injury?

A

Hypoxia

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30
Q

Which of the following is a true statement?

A

Dystrophic calcification occurs in degenerated or necrosed tissues

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31
Q

Which of the following is most likely to occur in tuberculous infection?

A

Caseous necrosis

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32
Q

Which of the follows the cellular adaptive mechanisms except?

A

Neoplasia

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33
Q

Which of the following is not caused by the releases of caspases in apoptosis?

A

Sending a chemical signal to induce inflammation

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34
Q

Which of the following results from accumulation of triglycerides within parenchyma cells of visceral organs including the liver heart and kidneys?

A

Steatosis

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35
Q

Which of the following synapse with intrafusal fiber of skeletal muscles?

A

Gamma motor axons

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36
Q

Which of the following is a proprioceptor?

A

Muscles spindles sensory receptors

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37
Q

Which of the following is responsible for the brain perception of the sense of position?

A

Tactile and joint capsule receptors

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38
Q

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved with sleep disorders and depression?

A

Serotonin

39
Q

What happens if a drug completely blocked the na+ channels in the nerve?

A

Blockage of the generation of action potentials occurs.

40
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of granulomatous inflammation?

A

Epithelioid is cells

41
Q

All of the following are controlled by the sacral parasympathetic innervations except?

A

Circulation

42
Q

Which of the following accurately describes Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease?

A

It is an autosomal dominant HMSN TYPE 1

43
Q

Ascending paralysis is a manifestation of which of the following conditions?

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome

44
Q

Herpes zoster viral infections tends to target which of the following?

A

The sensory ganglia of the spinal cord

45
Q

Which of the following is considered the most common life-threatening disease of the PNS?

A

Gullian Barre Syndrome

46
Q

Which of the following is associated with leprosy?

A

Diminished pain sensation

47
Q

Which of the following produces toxins that cause selective axonal demyelination?

A

Diphtheria

48
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome is due to which of the following?

A

Nerve entrapment

49
Q

Which of the following accurately describes guillain barre syndrome

A

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy

50
Q

Which of the following manifests ascending paralysis in its early stages?

A

Gullian barre syndrome

51
Q

Which of the follow changes is overseers during microscopic examination of a nerve biopsy indicates the Rosenberg of a deymyelinating disease?

A

Onion bulb formation

52
Q

Sarcomas metastasize through?

A

The blood

53
Q

Which of the following tumors is causing the highest rate of mortality making adults in the USA?

A

Carcinoma of the lung

54
Q

Which of the following explains the leukocytes attraction to the site of the tissues damage in acute inflammations

A

Chemotaxis

55
Q

Which of the following is responsible for blood vessels vasodilation and increasing the capillary permeability during acute inflammation?

A

Histamine

56
Q

What process enable the leukocytes to identify the phagocytose foreign materials at the site of injury in acute inflammation?

A

Opsonization

57
Q

What type of necrosis is found in the brain infarction?

A

Liquefactive necrosis

58
Q

Which of the following causes dystrophic calcification?

A

Degeneration or necrotic tissues

59
Q

Which of the following is observed in tirssues affected by hyperplasia?

A

Excessive organized multiplications of cells under body control

60
Q

Exposure to which of the following chemicals have been linked with increased incidences of mesothelioma of the pleura of the lung?

A

Asbestos

61
Q

Which of the following receptors is located in the postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nerves?

A

Cholinergenic muscarinic

62
Q

Which of the following is responsible for pain suppression?

A

The periaqueductal gray

63
Q

Which statement best describes a characteristic functional difference between a Golgi tendon, organ and muscle spindle?

A

The output, signals of a Golgi tendon organ lead to an activation of the muscle associated with the active tendon organ

64
Q

Irritating, chemical, stimuli and tissues tend to elicit, which of the following?

A

Slow pains

65
Q

Which of the following is needed to facilitate the release of neural transmitters?

A

Calcium

66
Q

What type of solution causes red blood cells to shrink if used in a patient?

A

Hypertonic

67
Q

Which of the following sensations travels through the spinothalamic pathway?

A

All of the above

68
Q

Which of the following tracks is responsible for the brain perception of sensation of cold and warmth?

A

The lateral spinothalamic

69
Q

Which of the following is a proprioceptor?

A

Golgi tendon organ

70
Q

Low frequency, vibrations can be detected by which of the following?

A

Meissners corpuscles

71
Q

Neurotransmitters are released at the synaptic cleft by?

A

Exocytosis

72
Q

Which of the following reflects is best describes incoming pain signals that illicit movement performed by antagonistic muscle groups in both upper extremities?

A

Crossed extensor reflex

73
Q

Cell bodies of the first order neurons of the DC ML lie in which of the following?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

74
Q

Then you spinothalamic tract receives, which of the following?

A

A Delta, fibers input

75
Q

The piloerector muscle of skin are innervated by which of the following fiber types?

A

Cholinergic , postganglionic, sympathetic fibers

76
Q

Under which of the following conditions does counter transfer occur?

A

Sorry moves the interior, causing the other substances to move to the exterior

77
Q

In the cause of irritation is above the tentorium, the headache usually refer to which of the following area?

A

The frontal part of the head

78
Q

Anthracosis has a disease that results from excessive exposure to which of the following?

A

Coal

79
Q

Which type of muscle fibers of design for weight-bearing?

A

Slow twitch

80
Q

Which of the following is a malignant tumor of smooth muscle?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

81
Q

Which of the following receptors are described as preganglionic parasympathetic?

A

Cholinergic nicotinic

82
Q

Which of the following is controlled and stored by the cerebellum?

A

Procedural memory

83
Q

Which of the following is observed in tissues affected by hypertrophy?

A

An increase in each of the individuals cell size

84
Q

Which of the following is a benign tumor?

A

Lipoma

85
Q

Which of the following describes the benign of a gland?

A

Adenoma

86
Q

Which of the following is due to the accumulation of fat within the liver cells?

A

Steatosis

87
Q

Which of the following changes as expected to affect the heart an aortic valve stenosis?

A

Hyper trophy of the left ventricle

88
Q

Which of the following is the expected outcome of repair in Tissues that are able to heal without any loss of function?

A

Fibrosis

89
Q

Pain sensation is detected by which of the following?

A

Free nerve endings

90
Q

Cell bodies of second order neurons of the spinothalamic tract, lie ipsilaterally in?

A

The gray matter of spinal cord

91
Q

Danielle spinothalamic tract receives which of the following?

A

A delta fibers, input

92
Q

Sympathetic activation of different subtypes of receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, can elicit vasodilation in blood vessels to the skeletal muscles under certain conditions, and vasoconstriction in the same vessels when conditions change

A

True

93
Q

Conduction from the spinal cord to any visceral affect, requires a really have at least two autonomic motor neurons

A

True

Neuro of Spine (12 decks)

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