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Neuro of Spine > Neuro of Spine Chapter 5 Quia > Flashcards

Neuro of Spine Chapter 5 Quia Flashcards

1
Q

In chemical synapses the neurotransmitter is the

A

ligand of the receptor

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2
Q

Threshold voltage is usually positive to resting potential

A

15 mv

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3
Q

Action potentials propagation

A

travel in both directions away from the stimulus until the entire membrane has become depolarized

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4
Q

The nernst potential

A

prevents the net diffusion of an ion in either direction

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5
Q

The threshold at which nerve AP will occur

A

-65 mv

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6
Q

In chemical synapses, neuro transmitters are packaged in the synaptic vesicles are released by?

A

exocytosis into synaptic cleft

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7
Q

Repolarization of K+ gates restablishes the

A

resting membrane potential

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8
Q

Ap impulses will travel in all directions away from the point of initiation until

A

the whole neuron is depolarized

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9
Q

AP speed of transmission depends on

A

fiber size and if it is mylinated

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10
Q

Resting membrane potential of nerves

A

-90 mv

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11
Q

During the resting state of conductance for k+ ions

A

is 50 to 100 times as great as it is for Na+ ions

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12
Q

The membrane permeability to potassium is about __________ as great as it is for sodium

A

100 times

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13
Q

The k+ equilibrium potential is

A

-65 to -85 mv

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14
Q

The resting membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential for the ion with the

A

highest permeability

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15
Q

Exocytosis is a process that allows the cell to

A

secrete its products

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16
Q

Saltatory conduction

A

occurs in myelinated fibers

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17
Q

The nernst equation describes the relationship of

A

diffusion potential to concentration difference

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18
Q

Acon conducts nerve impulses away from the?

A

the cell body

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19
Q

Schwann cells form mylein sheath around the axons of the

A

peripheral nervous system

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20
Q

All or nothing principle applies

A

all normal excitable tissues

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21
Q

Dendrites receive what kind of signal?

A

Stimuli

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22
Q

A nerve is a collection of?

A

Axons

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23
Q

During the upstroke of an action potential, Na+ permeability ________?

A

Increases

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24
Q

Small nerve fibers are?

A

Unmylenated

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25
Q

Organic ions that cannot leave the cell are ___________?

A

Fixed Anions

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26
Q

Glycine and GABA are?

A

inhibitory when released in the CNS

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27
Q

Restablishing sodium and potassium after action potential is achieved by?

A

The sodium potassium pump

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28
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum is covered with?

A

Ribosomes

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29
Q

During refractory periods? (look up refractory period)

A

A second action potential cannot be initiated

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30
Q

In the postsynaptic cell catecholamines activate

A

Adenylate cyclase

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31
Q

Gap junctions are electrical synapses, found in

A

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and the brain

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32
Q

Glutamate and aspartate are

A

excitatory when released in the Central Nervous System

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33
Q

Astrocytes contribute to the

A

Blood Brain Barrier

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34
Q

Adenylate cyclase catalyzes?

A

Cyclic AMP

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35
Q

The permeability of the axon membrane to ions is determined by

A

number of open channels

36
Q

In depolarization sodium flew to the (where)

A

interior of the axon

37
Q

Spatial and temporal summation of EPSPs cause?

A

Stimulation of action potentials in the postsynaptic neuron

38
Q

Long-term potentiation is a process that improves synaptic transmission as result of

A

the repeated use of the same synaptic pathway

39
Q

Serotonin dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are what?

A

Catecholamines

40
Q

The binding of ACH to muscarinic receptors opens ion channels indirectly through the action of?

A

G Proteins

41
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis requires what?

A

Specific receptor protein in the cell membrane

42
Q

At -90 mv resting potential the membrane?

A

Is relatively impermeable to Na+ and slightly permeable to K+

43
Q

Interneurons are

A

association neurons

44
Q

AP conduction velocity is

A

Constant

45
Q

The binding of ACH to muscarinic receptors

A

Hyperpolarization and IPSP

46
Q

The nerve resting AP

A

-90 mv

47
Q

The brain and spinal cord contain what?

A

Nuclei and tracts

48
Q

IPSPs and EPSPs are synaptic inputs that can?

A

summate

49
Q

The PNS consists of?

A

Nerves and ganglia

50
Q

A neuron consists of

A

dendrites, a cell body, and an axon

51
Q

Nodes of ranvier interrupt the nerve sheath every?

A

1-3mm

52
Q

According to the goldman equation, the diffusion potentials caused by potassium and sodium diffusion is about?

A

-86mv

53
Q

Simple diffusion is?

A

passive transport

54
Q

After ACH acts at the synapse it is inactivated by?

A

Acetylcholinesterase

55
Q

Nerve cells are capable of?

A

self generation of electrochemical impulses

56
Q

Stronger stimuli produce action potentials with?

A

greater frequency

57
Q

Action Potentials are?

A

All or nothing events

58
Q

Saltatory conduction is a faster conduction that occurs in

A

myelinated nerve fibers

59
Q

Nitric oxide promotes

A

smooth muscle relaxation

60
Q

In death there is a complete loss of

A

cellular membrane potentials

61
Q

The membrane is composed of

A

double layer of phospholipids

62
Q

the smooth endoplasmic reticulum stores?

A

Ca2+

63
Q

Steroid hormones pass directly through the membrane by?

A

Simple diffusion

64
Q

the active transport across a membrane requires?

A

ATP

65
Q

APs do not summate- information is coded by?

A

Frequency not amplitude

66
Q

the production of IPSPs is called?

A

Postsynaptic inhibition

67
Q

Oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath in

A

the CNS

68
Q

Nerve signals are transmitted by?

A

Action Potentials

69
Q

The goldman equation is used to calculate what?

A

Used to calculate the diffusion potential when the membrane is permeable to several different ions

70
Q

During the downstroke of an action potential Na+ permeability?

A

Decreases

71
Q

Neruons convert other forms of energy into?

A

Electrical events

72
Q

Conduction velocity is greatest in?

A

large myelinated nerve fibers

73
Q

The rate of diffusion depends on the

A

Concentration difference across the two sides of the membrane

74
Q

The sodium potassium pump contributes about ___________ to the nerve AP

A

-4 mv

75
Q

Most voltage gated channels open in response to

A

depolarization

76
Q

A new stimulus with second action potential can not be initiated if

A

all the gates are open at the same time

77
Q

The sodium potassium pump transports?

A

Na+ out and k+ into the cell

78
Q

Dopminergic neurons are implicated in

A

Parkinsons disease and schizophrenia

79
Q

The nerve axon mylein sheath is made of the

A

Schwann cells

80
Q

Refractory periods of axon membrane prevent

A

action potentials from running together

81
Q

The binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors produces

A

depolarization and an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential)

82
Q

In saltatory conduction

A

APs only occur at the nodes of ranvier

83
Q

The rate of Na+ entry in the cell is

A

SLOW

84
Q

The cell membrane functions as

A

an electrical capacitor

85
Q

Specificity competition and saturation are properties of

A

protein carrier mediated transport

86
Q

During the relative refractory period

A

an impulse can be generated with a stimulus that is higher than the normal threshold

87
Q

The electrical potential that counters net diffusion of Na+ is called the

A

Na+ equilibrium potential (ENa)

Neuro of Spine (12 decks)

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