neuro jeopardy review

Question 1

what is the main quote for understanding neural (cellular) plasticity

Answer 1

cells that fire together wire together

Question 2

sub arachnoid space contains what

Answer 2

CSF to cushion the brain

Question 3

aphasias with agraphia, acalculia altered sensation on R side of body with preserved crude sensations. where would the lesion be?

Answer 3

L parietal lobe

Question 4

what structire can be a hijacker and take over reasonable behaviors normally performed by the prefrontal cortex? What 2 parts of the brain is it associated with

Answer 4

amygdala
- temporal lobe and limbic system

Question 5

differentiate a neuron versus a glial cell

Answer 5

glial is supportive and surrounds neurons

neurons send information

Question 6

2 functions of CSF

Answer 6

protections
nutrients
waste removal

Question 7

describe the subarachnoid space

Answer 7

between arachnoid mater and pia mater, provides protection for movement and shock absorption, where most of the CSF is

Question 8

what is the role of the basal ganglia and list 1 lesion effect

Answer 8

involved in the sensory motor loop for smooth movement, control body voluntary movements
- chorea, athetosis, dystonia, parkinsonisms, acquired OCD

Question 9

specificity matters (what does that mean)

Answer 9

• treatment targets must be equivalent to behaviors we wish to change
• cant blow bubbled and expect better speech
• need to speak to fix speech

Question 10

3 lesion effects of the thalamus

Answer 10

-contralateral loss of sensation
- thalamic syndrome
- memory loss
- apathy
- inattention
- sleepiness
-impaired movement
-subcortical aphasias

Question 11

poor judgement, impulsive, executive dysfunction, agitation, mood swings, L sided upper and lower extremities weakness. where is the lesion

Answer 11

R frontal lobe

Question 12

use it and improve it (what does that mean)

Answer 12

training specific brain functions can lead to enhancement of that function
- practice makes permanence; perfect practice makes perfect

Question 13

salience matters (what does that mean)

Answer 13

the more personally relevant the action is, the more impactful
- we remember what is important to us

Question 14

define homeostasis

Answer 14

self regulation
not static=a dynamic process

Question 15

gyrus vs. sulcus

Answer 15

gyrus- hills and ridges of the brain

sulcus- valley or enfolding

Question 16

aphasia, dysarthria, reduced awareness of physical conditions important for health and survival, reduced ability to receive emotions. where is the lesion

Answer 16

L insular lobe

Question 17

what is the circle of willis and how does it try to protect us

Answer 17

-3 pairs of cerebral arteries
- permit collateral circulation
- loop of arteries at the base of the brain

Question 18

cerebellum does what

Answer 18

• balance
• coordination
• locomotion and posture
• motor learning
• mental functions

Question 19

3 facts about the hypothalamus

Answer 19

sleep wake cycle
easily damaged in TBI
pacemaker to drive many biological functions
hunger/thirst
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system

Question 20

cortical blindness. where is the lesion

Answer 20

bilateral occipital lobes

Question 21

differentiate gray vs. white matter

Answer 21

gray- cell bodies, dendrites and neuroglia
white- axons, transmit info

Question 22

fluent aphasia with poor insight, memory deficits and trouble with new learning, emotional changes

Answer 22

L temporal lobe

Question 23

limbic system 3 function

Answer 23

instincts
emotions
self-preservation
role in transfer (short term memory 2 long term)
amygdala lives here

Question 24

what is the blood brain barrier

Answer 24

structural difference of blood vessels within the brain compared to the rest of the body

protective mechanism= prevents larger pathogens/viruses from entering the brain and holds good structures in the brain to maintain chemical balance

Question 25

describe the hyperacute stage of recovery

Answer 25

system in shock and many functions are affected- global network disruption

more remote dysfunction of connected brain regions - depending on lesion site

Question 26

describe the dura mater

Answer 26

tough mother

the outermost layer that consists of 2 layers of tough fibrous tissue

Question 27

what is homunculus

Answer 27

little human

oddly distorted representation of motor and sensory maps

enlarged lips hands and tongue= more brain cells controlling

Question 28

3 lesion effects of pons

Answer 28

facial paralysis, eye movement, balance impairments, slurred speech, dysphagia, sensation impairments, coordination impairments, vertigo, dizziness, double vision, decreased consciousness