neuro jeopardy review Flashcards
what is the main quote for understanding neural (cellular) plasticity
cells that fire together wire together
sub arachnoid space contains what
CSF to cushion the brain
aphasias with agraphia, acalculia altered sensation on R side of body with preserved crude sensations. where would the lesion be?
L parietal lobe
what structire can be a hijacker and take over reasonable behaviors normally performed by the prefrontal cortex? What 2 parts of the brain is it associated with
amygdala
- temporal lobe and limbic system
differentiate a neuron versus a glial cell
glial is supportive and surrounds neurons
neurons send information
2 functions of CSF
protections
nutrients
waste removal
describe the subarachnoid space
between arachnoid mater and pia mater, provides protection for movement and shock absorption, where most of the CSF is
what is the role of the basal ganglia and list 1 lesion effect
involved in the sensory motor loop for smooth movement, control body voluntary movements
- chorea, athetosis, dystonia, parkinsonisms, acquired OCD
specificity matters (what does that mean)
- treatment targets must be equivalent to behaviors we wish to change
- cant blow bubbled and expect better speech
- need to speak to fix speech
3 lesion effects of the thalamus
-contralateral loss of sensation
- thalamic syndrome
- memory loss
- apathy
- inattention
- sleepiness
-impaired movement
-subcortical aphasias
poor judgement, impulsive, executive dysfunction, agitation, mood swings, L sided upper and lower extremities weakness. where is the lesion
R frontal lobe
use it and improve it (what does that mean)
training specific brain functions can lead to enhancement of that function
- practice makes permanence; perfect practice makes perfect
salience matters (what does that mean)
the more personally relevant the action is, the more impactful
- we remember what is important to us
define homeostasis
self regulation
not static=a dynamic process
gyrus vs. sulcus
gyrus- hills and ridges of the brain
sulcus- valley or enfolding
aphasia, dysarthria, reduced awareness of physical conditions important for health and survival, reduced ability to receive emotions. where is the lesion
L insular lobe
what is the circle of willis and how does it try to protect us
-3 pairs of cerebral arteries
- permit collateral circulation
- loop of arteries at the base of the brain
cerebellum does what
- balance
- coordination
- locomotion and posture
- motor learning
- mental functions
3 facts about the hypothalamus
sleep wake cycle
easily damaged in TBI
pacemaker to drive many biological functions
hunger/thirst
parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
cortical blindness. where is the lesion
bilateral occipital lobes
differentiate gray vs. white matter
gray- cell bodies, dendrites and neuroglia
white- axons, transmit info
fluent aphasia with poor insight, memory deficits and trouble with new learning, emotional changes
L temporal lobe
limbic system 3 function
instincts
emotions
self-preservation
role in transfer (short term memory 2 long term)
amygdala lives here
what is the blood brain barrier
structural difference of blood vessels within the brain compared to the rest of the body
protective mechanism= prevents larger pathogens/viruses from entering the brain and holds good structures in the brain to maintain chemical balance
describe the hyperacute stage of recovery
system in shock and many functions are affected- global network disruption
more remote dysfunction of connected brain regions - depending on lesion site
describe the dura mater
tough mother
the outermost layer that consists of 2 layers of tough fibrous tissue
what is homunculus
little human
oddly distorted representation of motor and sensory maps
enlarged lips hands and tongue= more brain cells controlling
3 lesion effects of pons
facial paralysis, eye movement, balance impairments, slurred speech, dysphagia, sensation impairments, coordination impairments, vertigo, dizziness, double vision, decreased consciousness
