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Microbiology > Neuro Infections > Flashcards

Neuro Infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

rabies qualities

A

bullet shaped
(-) RNA
enveloped
zoonotic

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2
Q

rabies replication

A

attach to cells w/ G-protein surface spikes
endocytosis
replication in cytosol
bud

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3
Q

rabies prevention

A

vaccine

stray dog control

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4
Q

rabies pathology

A

local first
PNS to CNS
replicate in grey matter
travel in ANS –> lungs, kidner, salivary

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5
Q

rabies transmission

A

possible due to infected salivary glands

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6
Q

rabies incubation

A

usually 1 to 8 weeks

may be several months to years

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7
Q

rabies prevention

A

vaccine (pre-exposure = active)

stray dog control

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8
Q

rabies transmission

A

possible due to infected salivary glands

+ organ transplants

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9
Q

rabies incubation

A

usually 1 to 8 weeks

may be several months to years

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10
Q

rabies sx

A

abnormal sensation @ bite
fatal encephalitis
neuro degenration in spine/brain
hallucinations, seizures, paralysis, coma, hydrophobia

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11
Q

rabies tx

A

clinical symptoms? no Tx

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12
Q

rabies prophylaxis

A

pre exposure = active

post = passive (Igs) and active

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13
Q

rabies prophylaxis

A

pre exposure = active

post = passive (Igs) and active

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14
Q

polio virus qualities

A

(+) RNA

only 3 serotypes

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15
Q

polio pathology

A

replicate in GI
go to blood –> CNS (secondary)
acute - destroy LMNs

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16
Q

paralytic polio-myelitis acute sx

A

flaccid, assymetric weakness/paralysis

fever, headache, lymphocytes in CSF

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17
Q

types of polio

A

asymptomatic
abortive infection (minor)
non-paralytic (like aseptic meningitis)
paralytic

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18
Q

paralytic outcomes

A

permanent weakness in 2/3 paralytic pts

less likely in more severe

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19
Q

post-poliomyelitis syndrome

A

20-30% of pts that fully recover get weakness, pain, etc 25-30 yrs later

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20
Q

post-poliomyelitis syndrome

A

20-30% of pts that fully recover get weakness, pain, etc 25-30 yrs later

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21
Q

polio vaccinations

A

salk - inactivated

sabin - attenuated

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22
Q

polio tx

A

no specific antiviral

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23
Q

polio tx

A

no specific antiviral

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24
Q

arbovirus cycle

A

mosquitos get virus, give to birds, get back

can infect people/cows too

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25
Q

alpha virus qualities

A

enveloped

(+) RNS

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26
Q

alphavirus diseases

A

eastern equine encephalitis (+ Western)

venezuelan equine encephalitis

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27
Q

alpha virus tx

A

no tx, mosquito control for prevention

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28
Q

EEE sx

A

fever, chills, weak, headache, irritability, nausea

coma, convulsions

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29
Q

EEE mortality

A

35%, only 10% recover fully

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30
Q

WEE mortality

A

5%

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31
Q

WEE sx

A

same as EEE

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32
Q

bunyavirus qualities

A

enveloped RNA

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33
Q

california encephalitis

A

mosquito transmitted
primary viremia to spleen, liver, lymph
secondary to CNS via BBB or choroid plexus
–> meningitis, encephalitis

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34
Q

california encephalitis

A

mosquito transmitted
primary viremia to spleen, liver, lymph
secondary to CNS via BBB or choroid plexus
–> meningitis, encephalitis

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35
Q

aseptic meningitis

A

meningitis, non-becterial

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36
Q

bunyavirus diseaase

A

CA encephalitis

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37
Q

flavavirus qualities

A

enveloped
RNA
60 + virsuses

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38
Q

polio virus qualities

A

(+) RNA
only 3 serotypes
type I replication

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39
Q

flavavirus qualities

A

enveloped
RNA
60 + virsuses
type I replication

40
Q

flavavirus diseases

A 
yellow fever
dengue fever
west nile virus
st. louis encephalitis
japanese encephalitis
41
Q

flavavirus replication

A

endocytosis

out in vesicles

42
Q

west nile

A

usually self limiting
fever, malaise, lymphedenopathy, rash
meningitis (old esp)

43
Q

st. louis encephalitis

A 
flu like
fatal encephalitis (5-30% mortality)
44
Q

st. louis encephalitis

A 
flu like
fatal encephalitis (5-30% mortality)
45
Q

polyomavirus

A

change cells into tumors (but not in humans)

46
Q

polyomavirus diseases

A

BK and JC virus

~80% of pop had Abs to one or both

47
Q

JC

A

associated w/ progressive moltifocal leukemia (in immune def)
rare, fatal, demyelinating (CNS) disease

48
Q

BK

A

get respiratory
–> kidneys
hemorrhagic cystitis

49
Q

BK

A

get respiratory
–> kidneys
hemorrhagic cystitis

50
Q

kinds of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies

A 
kuru
creutzfiel-jacob
gerstmann-straussler
fatal familial insomnia
scrapie (sheep)
mad cow
51
Q

bacterial meningitis agents

A

strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
neisseria meningitidis

52
Q

neonatal bacterial meningitis agents

A

strep agalactiae
e coli
listeria monocytogenes

53
Q

tetanus/botulism agents

A

clostridium tetani

clostridium botulinum

54
Q

adult bact meningits sx

A 
sudden fever
severe headache
stiff neck
nausea, vomiting, confusion, photo sensitivity
rashes - meningococcal meningitis
55
Q

newborn bact meningitis sx

A

constant crying
poor feeding
sleeping constantly
irritability

56
Q

pneumococcal meningitis risk groups

A

60

57
Q

pneumococcal meningitis risk factors

A 
resp infections
otitis media
mastoiditis
head trauma
immune deficient
asplenia
sickle cell
58
Q

pneumococcal meningitis risk factors

A 
resp infections
otitis media
mastoiditis
head trauma
immune deficient
asplenia
sickle cell
59
Q

pneumococcal meningitis mech

A

bact disseminate from blood, adhere to cerebro-cap endothelial
replicate in meninges
mac - cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha)

60
Q

pneumococcal meningitis distinguishing features

A

prolonged fever
hearing loss
hydrocephalus

61
Q

neisseria qualities

A 
gram -
non-motile
ox +
cat +
aerobic
ferment gluc and malt
62
Q

neisseria meningitidis VF

A 
polysacc capsule
pilli
LOS
IgA protease
outer membrane protesin
63
Q

neisseria meningitidis VF

A 
polysacc capsule
pilli
LOS
IgA protease
outer membrane protesin
64
Q

meningococcal mech

A 
droplet transmission
5-10% have in resp
meningococci adhere to non-cilaited epi 
into blood w/ LOS
-->. septicemia or meningitis
65
Q

main immune against neisseria

A

complement

66
Q

main immune against neisseria

A

complement

67
Q

hallmark meningococcal

A

septicemia
DIC
petichial rashed

68
Q

haemophilus influenzae - type b qualities

A

gram - rod
fac anaerobe
chocolate agar w/ NAD and factor X

69
Q

haemophilus influenzae - type b VFs

A

polyribose capsule

IgA protease

70
Q

haemophilus influenzae - type b mech

A

enter blood

invade meninges

71
Q

haemophilus influenzae - type b risk group

A

mostly in non-immunized kids 1 mo - 3 yrs

sometimes w/ otitis media

72
Q

strep agalactiae

A

gram + cocci
beta hemolytic (arrowhead)
GBS
bactracin resistant

73
Q

strep agalactiae

A 
gram + cocci
beta hemolytic (arrowhead)
GBS
bactracin resistant
makes phospholipase
74
Q

strep agalactiae VFs

A 
polysacc capsule
sialic acid (stop complement)
C5a peptidase (stop complement)
75
Q

strep agalactiae mech

A

50% preg give to infant @ birth
(up w/ long labor, preterm, fever)
neonnate: early –> pneumonia, late –> meningitis
maternal infection postpartum

76
Q

strep agalactiae prevention

A

screen, prophylactic penicillin

77
Q

e. coli

A 
gram - rod
ox -
motile
fac anaerobe
ferment lactose
pink/red on macconkey
78
Q

e. coli VFs

A

O antigen
H antigen
K antigen (kapsule)
toxins

79
Q

e. coli VFs

A

O antigen
H antigen
K antigen (kapsule)
toxins

80
Q

listeria monocytogenes

A 
gram + rods
no spores
intracellular parasite
fac anaerobe
motile and not
slight beta
81
Q

listeria monocytogenes vfs

A

internalin (entry into cells)
lysteriolysin (escape phagolysosome)
ActA (actin tail)

82
Q

listeria monocytogenes transmission

A

contaminated food/water

vertical

83
Q

listeria monocytogenes path

A

GI
into macs, escape phagolysosomes
replicate in cyto
pseudopod to go to next cell

84
Q

immune against listeria monocytogenes

A

CD8 cells

85
Q

listeriosis

A

if healthy - GI for 48 hrs

risk group –> meningitis

86
Q

vertical listeriosis

A

70-90% transmission to child
early (20-30% mortality)
late (at birth - lower)

87
Q

clostridium tetani

A 
large blunt rods
tennis racket spores
motile (swarm)
anaerobe (blood agar)
common in soil
88
Q

clostridium tetani

A 
large blunt rods
tennis racket spores
motile (swarm)
anaerobe (blood agar)
common in soil
89
Q

clostridium tetani Vfs

A

tetanus toxin
metalloproteinase
block GABA, glycine

90
Q

tetanus

A

germninate in aerobic
7-21 day incubation
lock jaw, back spasm, chest msucles

91
Q

clostridium botulinum

A

7 serotypes
spores in soil, water, fruits, veg
germ in anaerobic, alkaline

92
Q

clostridium botulinum vfs

A 
most potent natural toxin
resist gastric enzymes
metalloproteinase
target PNS
block Ach release
heat inactivates it
93
Q

botulism

A

progressive flaccid paralysis
symp 12-36 hrs post
GI
blurred vision, diff swallowing

94
Q

botulism transmission

A

spores germinate, make toxin

you eat toxin

95
Q

botulism in infants

A

get in gut (gut is still alkaline)
constipation, leth, poor suckling
flaccid paralysis

Microbiology (6 decks)

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