Neuro ID Flashcards

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1
Q

Most common bugs causing meningitis in the general population?

A

S. Pneumoniae,
N. meningitidis
H Influenza Type B (more in kids)
Enteroviruses, HSV

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2
Q

Empirical treatment of meningitis in the general population?

A

Ceftriaxone and vanco

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3
Q

What bug to suspect in babies w/ meningitis? Drug?

A

Group B Strep, E. coli, Listeria. Ampicillin.

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4
Q

What bug to suspect in people w/ h/o brain surgery and meningitis? Treat?

A

Staph Aureus (Vanc).

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5
Q

Most common bug causing meningitis in teenagers?

A

N. meningitidis

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6
Q

Most common bugs causing meningitis in the elderly?

A

S. pneumo, Gram neg rods, Listeria

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7
Q

Treatment of Lyme meningitis?

A

IV ceftriaxone.

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8
Q

Best first step when suspicion of meningitis?

A
  • Start empiric treatment (Ceftriaxone + vancomycin) + steroids if high suspicion for bacterial.
  • Exam for elevated ICP/CT
  • LP + gram stain (>1000 WBC = diagnostic).
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9
Q

CSF findings in bacterial meningitis? (opening pressure, cell type, protein, sugar).

A

Cloudy/purulent fluid, High opening pressure, high PMNs, high protein, low sugar

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10
Q

CSF findings in viral meningitis? (opening pressure, cell type, protein, sugar).

A

Clear fluid, normal/high opening pressure, high lymphocytes, normal/high protein, normal sugar

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11
Q

CSF findings in fungal meningitis? (opening pressure, cell type, protein, sugar)

A

Cloudy fluid, high opening pressure, high lymphocytes, high protein, low sugar

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12
Q

What differentiates fungal vs. viral meningitis?

A

appearnce of fluid (cloudy vs. clear), sugar (low vs. normal).
If lymphs + low sugar –> fungal/TB.

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13
Q

Normal CSF findings

A

Opening pressure: 10-20cm
Appearance: clear
Cells: 0-5
Protein: 60% of serum glucose

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14
Q

What to do about roommate of kid who has bacterial meningitis + petechial rash?

A

Rifampin

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15
Q

Most common causes of brain abscesses?

A

Viridans streptococci, Staph Aureas. Oral anaerobes if dental infxn preceding.

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16
Q

Etiology of single vs. multiple abscesses?

A

Single lesion from contiguous sites (otitis, mastoididtis, sinusitis, etc).
Multiple usually from bacteremia

17
Q

Abscesses in HIV?

A

Toxoplasma