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Anatomy Exam 3 > Neuro- Forebrain and Limbic System > Flashcards

Neuro- Forebrain and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the diencephaplon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

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2
Q

The cortex talks to the thalamus via ___________.

A

the internal capsule

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3
Q

The epithalamus is made up of the __________, __________ and a few other things.

A

pineal gland, habenula

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4
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete and what does it do?

A

melatonin, released during darkness to regulate sleep-wake cycle

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5
Q

True/ False: The habenula is a paired structure

A

TRUE

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6
Q

The major limbic input to the habenula is _____________ , and the major output to the midbrain RF is ___________________.

A

stria medullaris, habenulointerpeduncular tract (fasciculus retroflexus)

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7
Q

What structures border the thalamus?

A

lateral ventricle, internal capsule, third ventricle, globus pallidus, habenula

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8
Q

All sensory pathways EXCEPT ____________ relay through the thalamus.

A

olfaction

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9
Q

____________, ___________ and _________ relay through different parts of the thalamus.

A

cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system

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10
Q

The subdivisions of the thalamus are defined by the __________________.

A

internal medullary lamina (IML)

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11
Q

All thalamic nuclei project to the cortex EXCEPT _____________.

A

reticular nuclei

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12
Q

All thalamic nuclei (except reticular) consist of ___________ and __________.

A

projection nuclei and interneurons

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13
Q

What is the fxn of interneurons?

A

regulate the firing of projection neurons (inhibitory)

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14
Q

What are the 2 basic types of thalamic inputs?

A

specific and regulatory

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15
Q

Specific inputs convey info that a thalamic nucleus passes on nearly directly to cortex (or other places). What is an example of this?

A

the medial lemniscus to VPL

optic tract to LGN

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16
Q

In __________ input, the thalamic nucleus contributes to the info it receives before it is passed on to the cortex

A

regulatory

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of thalamic nuclei?

A

relay, association, intralaminar (and midline)

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18
Q

______________ nuclei receive specific input from the prefrontal cortex and project back.

A

Association

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19
Q

_______________ nuclei receive distinct set of specific inputs from basal ganglia and limbic structures and project back to cortex, basal ganglia and limbic structures.

A

intralaminar and midline

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20
Q

_____________ receives input from cortex and thalamus and output thalamus via inhibitory axons.

A

reticular nucleus

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21
Q

Match the thalmic nucleus with its fxn:

  1. medial geniculate
  2. lateral geniculate
  3. ventral posterior medial
  4. ventral posterior lateral
  5. ventral anterior
  6. ventral lateral
  7. anterior
  8. intralaminar
A
  1. relay nucleus for hearing
  2. relay nucleus for vision
  3. sensory relay nucleus for the face
  4. sensory relay nucleus for the body
  5. motor relay nucleus
  6. motor relay nucleus
  7. relay nucleus for the limbic system
  8. component of reticular activating system
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22
Q

Which systems have relay nuclei?

A

sensory, motor, limbic, hearing, vision

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23
Q

Sensory relay: _______ and ______

A

VPL, VPM

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24
Q

Motor relay: _______ and __________

A

VA, VL

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25
Q

Limbic relay: ______ and _________

A

anterior, lateral dorsal

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26
Q

What are the 2 main association nuclei?

A

DM and Pulvinar

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27
Q

What are the 2 major areas of the association cortex?

A

prefrontal (DM- forsight, affect) and parietal-occipital-temporal (pulvinar- unknown fxn)

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28
Q

___________ is a band of white matter that __________ and ___________ fibers pass through going to and from cortex.

A

internal capsule, thalamocortical, corticothalamic

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29
Q

The internal capsule collects and forms the ___________ that corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers travel down.

A

cerebral peduncle

30
Q

What are the 5 parts of the internal capsule?

A

anterior limb, posterior limb, genu, retrolenticular, and sublenticular

31
Q

The anterior limb of the internal capsule contains fibers of ________ and __________.

A

anterior nucleus, DM

32
Q

The posterior limb of the internal capsule contains fibers of _______, _________, and _________.

A

VA/VL, motor areas, VPL/VPM

33
Q

The retrolenticular part of the internal capsule contains fibers of _____________ , ___________ and __________.

A

MGN, Pulvinar/LP, LGN

34
Q

The sublenticular part of the internal capsule contains fibers of _________.

A

LGN

35
Q

The anterior nucleus projects to _________.

A

cingulate gyrus

36
Q

The DM projects to _________.

A

prefrontal cortex

37
Q

The VA/VL project to

A

motor areas

38
Q

motor areas project to __________ and _________.

A

brainstem, spinal cord.

39
Q

VPL/VPM project to ______________.

A

somatosensory cortex

40
Q

Pulvinar/ LP project to _____________.

A

parietal-occipital-temporal cortex

41
Q

MGN projects to __________.

A

auditory cortex

42
Q

LGN projects to ___________.

A

visual cortex

43
Q

Which limb of the internal capsule is the most clinically important?

A

posterior limb bec. damage would cause motor and sensory issues contralaterally.

44
Q

The hypothalamus is critical in ____________, ______________, _________ and ______ fxns. It also maintains ____________.

A

autonomic, endocrine, emotional, somatic; homeostasis

45
Q

The lateral portion of the hypothalamus is the rostral continuation of the ______________.

A

reticular formation

46
Q

The periventricular portion of the hypthalamus is the rostral continuation of __________________.

A

periaqueductal gray

47
Q

The hypothalamus has three main types of connections. What are they?

A

interconnected with limbic system, output to pituitary, interconnects visceral and somatic nuclei

48
Q

What nuclei are located in the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus?

A

suprachiasmatic, arcuate

49
Q

What nuclei are located in the medial zone of the hypothalamus?

A

paraventricular, supraoptic

50
Q

What nuclei are located in the lateral zone of the hypothalamus?

A

lateral preoptic, tuberomammillary

51
Q

What the general areas for hypothalamic inputs?

A

the forebrain (limbic system), brainstem and spinal cords

52
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus gets direct retinal input; master clock of our circadian rhythms. Has a 25 hour period that is reset by amount of daylight. Also has melatonin receptors and is responsive to pineal gland activity?

A

Suprachiasmatic

53
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus is involved in feeding behaviors?

A

arcuate

54
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus promotes sleep?

A

lateral preoptic

55
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus has diffuse histaminergic projections to cerebral cortex and thalamus and the activity of these projections is likely inhibited by some type s of antihistamine drugs?

A

Tuberomammillary nucleus

56
Q

Which hypothalamic nucleus or nuclei secrete elaborate hormones that travel down axons and are released in neurohypophysis?

A

Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei

57
Q

True/ False: The hypothalamus controls both pituitary lobes.

A

TRUE

58
Q

What are the 5 limbic system hypothalamic inputs?

A

septal nuclei, ventral striatum, insula (orbitofrontal cortex), hippocampus, amygdala

59
Q

ADH and oxytocin are released by the ________ pituitary lobe.

A

posterior

60
Q

The hippocampus and amygdala are both part of the limbic system. Which one is involved in learning and memory?

A

hippocampus

61
Q

What is the medial group of the amygdala responsible for?

A

olfaction

62
Q

What are the 4 amygdala input routes?

A

stria terminalis, ventral amygdalofungal pathway, lateral olfactory tract, directly from temporal lobe cortex and hippocampus

63
Q

The limbic loop in basal ganglia associates ________ with _______ therefore increasing ____________ release.

A

stimuli, reward, dopamine

64
Q

Bilateral temporal lobe injury involving amygdal and parahippocampal gyrus results in _________ syndrome.

A

Kluver-Bucy

65
Q

What are the three distinct zones of the hippocampus?

A

dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper (cornu ammonis) and subiculum

66
Q

The subiculum is the transition between the __________________ and _________________.

A

hippocampus proper, adjacent parahippocampal cortex

67
Q

What is the flow of information to and from hippocampus?

A

afferent info from sensory association cortex to entohorinal cortex to dentate gyrus to CA3 to fimbria and CA1 to subiculum to fimbria to entohorinal cortex to sensory cortex

68
Q

What is the main source of afferents to hippocampus?

A

Entorhinal cortex

69
Q

Where to most of the efferents from hippocampus go?

A

mostly thru fornix, some to entorhinal cortex

70
Q

What is the Papez circuit?

A

neural circuit for control of emotional expression; connect hypothalamus to limbic lobe; Papez proposed that emotional experiences were processed like this

Anatomy Exam 3 (5 decks)

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