Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 3 > Neuro- Forebrain and Limbic System > Flashcards

Neuro- Forebrain and Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the diencephaplon?

A

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The cortex talks to the thalamus via ___________.

A

the internal capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The epithalamus is made up of the __________, __________ and a few other things.

A

pineal gland, habenula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What hormone does the pineal gland secrete and what does it do?

A

melatonin, released during darkness to regulate sleep-wake cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True/ False: The habenula is a paired structure

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The major limbic input to the habenula is _____________ , and the major output to the midbrain RF is ___________________.

A

stria medullaris, habenulointerpeduncular tract (fasciculus retroflexus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What structures border the thalamus?

A

lateral ventricle, internal capsule, third ventricle, globus pallidus, habenula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

All sensory pathways EXCEPT ____________ relay through the thalamus.

A

olfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

____________, ___________ and _________ relay through different parts of the thalamus.

A

cerebellum, basal ganglia, limbic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The subdivisions of the thalamus are defined by the __________________.

A

internal medullary lamina (IML)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

All thalamic nuclei project to the cortex EXCEPT _____________.

A

reticular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

All thalamic nuclei (except reticular) consist of ___________ and __________.

A

projection nuclei and interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the fxn of interneurons?

A

regulate the firing of projection neurons (inhibitory)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 basic types of thalamic inputs?

A

specific and regulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Specific inputs convey info that a thalamic nucleus passes on nearly directly to cortex (or other places). What is an example of this?

A

the medial lemniscus to VPL

optic tract to LGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In __________ input, the thalamic nucleus contributes to the info it receives before it is passed on to the cortex

A

regulatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 types of thalamic nuclei?

A

relay, association, intralaminar (and midline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______________ nuclei receive specific input from the prefrontal cortex and project back.

A

Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

_______________ nuclei receive distinct set of specific inputs from basal ganglia and limbic structures and project back to cortex, basal ganglia and limbic structures.

A

intralaminar and midline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

_____________ receives input from cortex and thalamus and output thalamus via inhibitory axons.

A

reticular nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Match the thalmic nucleus with its fxn:

  1. medial geniculate
  2. lateral geniculate
  3. ventral posterior medial
  4. ventral posterior lateral
  5. ventral anterior
  6. ventral lateral
  7. anterior
  8. intralaminar
A
  1. relay nucleus for hearing
  2. relay nucleus for vision
  3. sensory relay nucleus for the face
  4. sensory relay nucleus for the body
  5. motor relay nucleus
  6. motor relay nucleus
  7. relay nucleus for the limbic system
  8. component of reticular activating system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which systems have relay nuclei?

A

sensory, motor, limbic, hearing, vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Sensory relay: _______ and ______

A

VPL, VPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Motor relay: _______ and __________

A

VA, VL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Limbic relay: ______ and _________
anterior, lateral dorsal
26
What are the 2 main association nuclei?
DM and Pulvinar
27
What are the 2 major areas of the association cortex?
prefrontal (DM- forsight, affect) and parietal-occipital-temporal (pulvinar- unknown fxn)
28
___________ is a band of white matter that __________ and ___________ fibers pass through going to and from cortex.
internal capsule, thalamocortical, corticothalamic
29
The internal capsule collects and forms the ___________ that corticopontine, corticobulbar and corticospinal fibers travel down.
cerebral peduncle
30
What are the 5 parts of the internal capsule?
anterior limb, posterior limb, genu, retrolenticular, and sublenticular
31
The anterior limb of the internal capsule contains fibers of ________ and __________.
anterior nucleus, DM
32
The posterior limb of the internal capsule contains fibers of _______, _________, and _________.
VA/VL, motor areas, VPL/VPM
33
The retrolenticular part of the internal capsule contains fibers of _____________ , ___________ and __________.
MGN, Pulvinar/LP, LGN
34
The sublenticular part of the internal capsule contains fibers of _________.
LGN
35
The anterior nucleus projects to _________.
cingulate gyrus
36
The DM projects to _________.
prefrontal cortex
37
The VA/VL project to
motor areas
38
motor areas project to __________ and _________.
brainstem, spinal cord.
39
VPL/VPM project to ______________.
somatosensory cortex
40
Pulvinar/ LP project to _____________.
parietal-occipital-temporal cortex
41
MGN projects to __________.
auditory cortex
42
LGN projects to ___________.
visual cortex
43
Which limb of the internal capsule is the most clinically important?
posterior limb bec. damage would cause motor and sensory issues contralaterally.
44
The hypothalamus is critical in ____________, ______________, _________ and ______ fxns. It also maintains ____________.
autonomic, endocrine, emotional, somatic; homeostasis
45
The lateral portion of the hypothalamus is the rostral continuation of the ______________.
reticular formation
46
The periventricular portion of the hypthalamus is the rostral continuation of __________________.
periaqueductal gray
47
The hypothalamus has three main types of connections. What are they?
interconnected with limbic system, output to pituitary, interconnects visceral and somatic nuclei
48
What nuclei are located in the periventricular zone of the hypothalamus?
suprachiasmatic, arcuate
49
What nuclei are located in the medial zone of the hypothalamus?
paraventricular, supraoptic
50
What nuclei are located in the lateral zone of the hypothalamus?
lateral preoptic, tuberomammillary
51
What the general areas for hypothalamic inputs?
the forebrain (limbic system), brainstem and spinal cords
52
Which hypothalamic nucleus gets direct retinal input; master clock of our circadian rhythms. Has a 25 hour period that is reset by amount of daylight. Also has melatonin receptors and is responsive to pineal gland activity?
Suprachiasmatic
53
Which hypothalamic nucleus is involved in feeding behaviors?
arcuate
54
Which hypothalamic nucleus promotes sleep?
lateral preoptic
55
Which hypothalamic nucleus has diffuse histaminergic projections to cerebral cortex and thalamus and the activity of these projections is likely inhibited by some type s of antihistamine drugs?
Tuberomammillary nucleus
56
Which hypothalamic nucleus or nuclei secrete elaborate hormones that travel down axons and are released in neurohypophysis?
Supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
57
True/ False: The hypothalamus controls both pituitary lobes.
TRUE
58
What are the 5 limbic system hypothalamic inputs?
septal nuclei, ventral striatum, insula (orbitofrontal cortex), hippocampus, amygdala
59
ADH and oxytocin are released by the ________ pituitary lobe.
posterior
60
The hippocampus and amygdala are both part of the limbic system. Which one is involved in learning and memory?
hippocampus
61
What is the medial group of the amygdala responsible for?
olfaction
62
What are the 4 amygdala input routes?
stria terminalis, ventral amygdalofungal pathway, lateral olfactory tract, directly from temporal lobe cortex and hippocampus
63
The limbic loop in basal ganglia associates ________ with _______ therefore increasing ____________ release.
stimuli, reward, dopamine
64
Bilateral temporal lobe injury involving amygdal and parahippocampal gyrus results in _________ syndrome.
Kluver-Bucy
65
What are the three distinct zones of the hippocampus?
dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper (cornu ammonis) and subiculum
66
The subiculum is the transition between the __________________ and _________________.
hippocampus proper, adjacent parahippocampal cortex
67
What is the flow of information to and from hippocampus?
afferent info from sensory association cortex to entohorinal cortex to dentate gyrus to CA3 to fimbria and CA1 to subiculum to fimbria to entohorinal cortex to sensory cortex
68
What is the main source of afferents to hippocampus?
Entorhinal cortex
69
Where to most of the efferents from hippocampus go?
mostly thru fornix, some to entorhinal cortex
70
What is the Papez circuit?
neural circuit for control of emotional expression; connect hypothalamus to limbic lobe; Papez proposed that emotional experiences were processed like this

Anatomy Exam 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions