Neuro Final Spinal Cord Injury

Question 1

What is Brown-Sequard syndrome?

Answer 1

Caused by stabbing or gunshot wound
Loss of Motor, Proprioception, vibration on SAME SIDE as injury
Loss of pain and temperature on the opposite side

Question 2

What is Anterior Cord Syndrome?

Answer 2

Flexion injury with fracture in c spine
Loss of motor, pain, temperature sensation BILATERALLY below the level of injury
Position and Vibration intact

Question 3

What is Central Cord Syndrome?

Answer 3

Progressive stenosis or hyperextension
Damage to all 3 tracts
Upper extremity more invovled than lower
Sensory deficits vary

Question 4

What is Posterior Cord Syndrome?

Answer 4

Compression of posterior or dorsal column spinal artery by tumor or vascular infarction
Loss of proprioception and vibration sense bilaterally

Question 5

Cauda-Equina Injuries

Answer 5

Direct trauma from fracture or dislocation below L1
Upper and Lower motor neuron signs possible, including flaccidity, areflexia, loss of bowel/bladder function

Question 6

What is Tetraplegia?

Answer 6

Cspine level, UE, trunk, organs, and LE affected

Question 7

What is paraplegia?

Answer 7

Tspine level
UE intact
impaired LE, trunk, pelvic organ involvement

Question 8

What are major predictors of functional outcomes?

Answer 8

Blood Type
Age
Motivation
Pyschosocial/Family Support
Medical Complications
Pre-Existing Health Conditions

Question 9

Orthostatic Hypotension

Answer 9

Dizziness, fatigue, confusion, blurred vision
Condition where blood pressure drops when someone stands up

Question 10

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Answer 10

Body goes into fight or flight mode causing blood pressure to be high.
Can be due to kink in a catheter or fold in clothing
Symptoms: HTN, blurred vision, headaches, goosebumps

*remove stimulus and sit or stand patient up to help BP come down.
Monitor vitals

Question 11

Complications of Spinal Cord Injuries

Answer 11

1. DVT
2. Osteoporosis
3. Spasticity
4. Respiratory
5. Bowel/Bladder Dysfunction
6. Sexual Dysfunction

Question 12

What medications are used for spasticity?

Answer 12

Valium, Baclofen

Question 13

What is the leading cause of Spinal Cord injuries?

Answer 13

MVA

Question 14

Asia B

Answer 14

Sensory intact- Not motor

Question 15

Asia C

Answer 15

Motor preserved but MMT less than 3

Question 16

Asia D

Answer 16

Motor Preserved, MMT above 3

Question 17

Asia E

Answer 17

NORMAL

Question 18

Asia A

Answer 18

No motor or sensory
Function preserved at sacral S4-S5

Question 19

What is postural hypotension?

Answer 19

Low BP due to venous pooling
No muscle pumping to move the blood

Question 20

What is Heterotrophic Ossification?

Answer 20

Calcification of joint and muscles
SCI and lack of weight bearing changes calcium metabolism
Limited ROM/Pain/Swelling/Warm

Question 21

C1-C3

Answer 21

VENTILATOR DEPENDENT

Question 22

C4

Answer 22

POWER WHEELCHAIR WITH MOUTH OR STICK

Question 23

C5

Answer 23

MAY BE ABLE TO PROPEL WC, CAN DO MOTORIZED WITH HAND CONTROL

Question 24

C6

Answer 24

PROPEL WC may be able to do a transfer board

Question 25

C7

Answer 25

May be able to live independently
WC mobility and transfers

Question 26

C8

Answer 26

Live independently

Question 27

T1-T9

Answer 27

Clear secretions
Propel WC
Floor transfers

Question 28

T10-L2

Answer 28

Possible ambulate for therapeutic measures

Question 29

L3-L5

Answer 29

Partial innervation of quads
Capacity to ambulate with KAFO

Question 30

L4-L5

Answer 30

Independent with an orthotic or AD

Question 31

Tenodesis

Answer 31

Maintain tightness of finger flexion for functional grip
Helpful for transfers and weightbearing

Question 32

Pressure Relief

Answer 32

Hook arm around back of chair and lean away. (Use arm to pull yourself back to center after relief)

Goal: 1 minute of relief each side every 15-20 minutes

Question 33

SCI strengthening for POWER

Answer 33

exert high force, quickly

Question 34

SCI strengthening for ENDURANCE

Answer 34

Mobility and Distance