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Neurology PTA 210 > Neuro Final > Flashcards

Neuro Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is Motor Control

A

The ability to maintain and change movement and posture
Motor, Cognitive, Sensory Perception

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2
Q

Reflex is the basic unit of ________

A

Movement

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3
Q

Hierarchy of Reflexes

A

Primitive Reflexes
Tonic Reflexes
Righting/Protective/Equilibrium

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4
Q

Primitive Reflexes

A

reflexes needed to survive
ex: suck, swallow, rooting

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5
Q

Tonic Reflexes

A

Develop tone in neck and trunk
ex: Labrinthe, ATNR

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6
Q

Righting/Protective/Equilibrium

A

Most Advanced
Cortex= Equilibrium
Midbrain= Righting Reactions
Brainstem= Postural Tonic
Spinal Cord= Phasic Primitive Reflex

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7
Q

Righting Reactions: Neck on Body

A

head-turning leads to trunk turning to follow head
ex: Log roll, baby will roll following head turn

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8
Q

Righting Reactions: Body on Body

A

one half of the body is rotated, other half will follow
Ex: used in bed mobility- supine rolling

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9
Q

Protective Reactions

A

forward parachute reflex
backward parachute reflex
sideward parachute reflew

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10
Q

Equilibrium Reactions

A

Most advanced of postural reactions and develops last
Incorporates already learned righting reactions, ADD extremity responses or trunk rotations

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11
Q

Expected Sequence in Equilibrium Reactions

A

prone, supine, sitting, quadruped, standing

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12
Q

Motor Control Stage 1

A

Mobility
initiation of movement that is random, erratic, lack of purpose, reflex based
*Random movement

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13
Q

Motor Control Stage 2

A

Stability
Maintain steadiness in weight-bearing, antigravity, posture
1. Tonic Holding
2. CoContraction
*maintenance of posture

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14
Q

Motor Control Stage 3

A

Controlled Mobility
Proximal mobility, Distal Stability
Limbs weight-bearing, weight shifts
*movement within posture

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15
Q

Motor Controls Stage 4

A

Skill
Proximal segment stabilize while distal segments are free of movement
*Moving one posture to another

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16
Q

Cognition and Motivation to move is influenced by what 3 things?

A

Motor Control
Motor Learning
Motor Development
*impaired cognition affects ability to learn how to move

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17
Q

Piaget’s Theory Sensorimotor

A

Infant
learns to understand the world by associating sensory experiences with physical actions

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18
Q

Piaget’s Theory Preoperational

A

2-7 Years old
The world is represented in symbols (playing pretend) and increased use of language

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19
Q

Piaget’s Theory Concrete Operations

A

7-11 Years Old
Logical thought occurs

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20
Q

Piaget’s Theory Formal Operations

A

12 Years old
Abstract thinking

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21
Q

Optimization Principle

A

during development or recovery
and the body chooses how to do a movement based on efficiency
*Initially useful, then becomes habitual

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22
Q

What is Motor Learning

A

the process that brings a permanent change in performance due to practice or experience

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23
Q

Motor Learning Stage 1: Cognitive

A

Thinking about movement
where movements are stiff, inconsistent, non-fluid and with Errors

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24
Q

Motor Learning Stage 2: Associative

A

Movement is refined with improved coordination, consistent, efficient, more fluid and with fewer errors

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25
Q

Motor Learning Stage 3: Autonomous

A

Movement is independent that is efficient, smooth, fluid, and consistent with self-correction of errors

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26
Q

Neural control of posture is distributed how?

A
  1. Spinal cord- Central Pattern
  2. Cerebellum- control of timing and coordination
  3. Basal Ganglia- movement initiation
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27
Q

Motor Learning Tasks- Open

A

Environments change over time

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28
Q

Motor Learning Tasks- Closed

A

parameters are the same

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29
Q

Experience -Dependent

A

Learning is based on experiences, culture, and individual situations

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30
Q

Experience- Expectant

A

Physically brain able to develop, but requires experience to make it happen

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31
Q

When do movement pattern changes occur?

A

Adolescence and Adult hood

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32
Q

In a counter-coup injury, where does the damage to the brain occur?

A

Opposite side of impact

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33
Q

What is the most common type of TBI?

A

Concussion

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34
Q

What are the common biggest problems of a TBI in patients?

A

Irritability, Lability, Aggression

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35
Q

What stimulus would not be appropriate to present during intervention with a TBI patient in a coma?

A

Playing their least favorite music

36
Q

What is the most common cause of a TBI?

A

Falls

37
Q

What are the two major types of TBI?

A

Open or Closed Head Injuries

38
Q

Low initial scores in which areas of Glasgow Coma Scale are indicative of poor outcome?

A

Eye opening and Motor Response

39
Q

Treatment of the patient is based on What?

A

Concussion clinical trajectory

40
Q

Is damage from TBI widespread?

A

YES

41
Q

PNF pattern for forward stooped posture?

A

D2 Flexion

42
Q

to increase hamstring length, which PNF pattern do you use?

A

Contract Relax

43
Q

Lateral weight shifts in prone on elbows, what technique is used to increase dynamic stability?

A

Approximation

44
Q

What is a technique used to increase LE strenght?

A

Repeated contractions

45
Q

Standing facing a corner with shoulders abducted 90degrees, elbows flexed 90 degrees, etc
Self stretching routine called

A

Hold-Relax

46
Q

treatment intervention best for early treatment in GBS would be…

A

Alternating ISO of trunk flexors and extensors

47
Q

PTA positions a patient to test for clonus, what is the best way to position them?

A

Provide quick stretch to plantar flexors why flexing the knee (flexing the knee takes the gastroc out of it, leaving the soleus)

48
Q

What are indicators of sympathetic nervous system involvment?

A

Anxiety, distractibility
Mottled shiny cold skin
rapid shallow breathing

49
Q

Cerebellar dysfunctions include:

A

Dysmetria
Ataxia
Nystagmus

50
Q

A pta completes a developmental assessment, assuming everything is normal, what would be the last to occur?

A

Modified plantigrade

51
Q

Primary goal of baby with osteogenesis imperfecta would be….

A

Promote safe handling and positioning

52
Q

A child with CP shows a toe drag during swing phase of gait, what would NOT contribute to this gait deviation?

A

Spasticity of the the dorsiflexors

53
Q

A child with CP presents with slow, involuntary, writhing movements of the upper and lower extremities what type of motor disturbance is most representative

A

Athetosis

54
Q

2 year old spina bifida T10 recieves PT for gait training, what does the child use?

A

Parapodium and parallel bars

55
Q

What time of day should an MS patient come in for therapy?

A

Earlier in the day

56
Q

What is areflexia?

A

muscle does not respond to stimuli

57
Q

Working with a patient with post pollio syndrome, what would least likely be affected based on patient diagnosis?

A

Sensation

58
Q

What is ALS

A

Central nervous system degeneration of anterior horn motor in spinal cord

59
Q

What therapeutic intervention would be best for a typical parkinsons disease patient?

A

trunk rotation activities

60
Q

Attention is dependent on capacity of the brain to ___________ info from the environment or LTM

A

PROCESS

61
Q

What internal structure acts as a relay station of sensory information

A

Thalamus

62
Q

Which term describes loss of muscle coordination that may affect gait or movement patterns in the trunk or extremities?

A

Ataxia

63
Q

Where are anterior horn cells located?

A

In the gray matter

64
Q

The inability to stop opposing motion by quick activation of the antagonist group is called?

A

Rebounding

65
Q

What info is carried by to the corticospinal tracts?

A

MOTOR

66
Q

What artery supplies blood to the cerebellum?

A

Basilar

67
Q

Which lobe has the primary sensory cortex?

A

Parietal

68
Q

Which artery is responsible for the dorsal region of the spinal cord?

A

Posterior

69
Q

Which type of hypertonicity is not velocity dependent?

A

Rigidity

70
Q

Which cranial nerve provides sensation to the face?

A

Trigeminal

71
Q

What internal structure regulates posture, muscle tone and volitional movement?

A

Basal Nuclei

72
Q

Which internal structure controls emotion reactions such as fear and rage?

A

Limbic System

73
Q

Brocca’s Aphasia

A

Expressive Aphasia, Most common, Non-fluent

74
Q

Wernicke’s Aphasia

A

Receptive Aphasia, comprehension impaired

75
Q

Antiepileptic Agents

A

Reduces seizure activity in the brain
Dilantin, Tegretol

76
Q

Antispasticity Agents

A

Promotes relaxation in spastic muscles
Can make patients drowsy, confused, headaches
Dantrium, Baclofen

77
Q

Dopamine Replacements

A

agents cross blood barrier through active transport to transform to dopamine in the brain

Sinemet, Madopar

78
Q

Muscle Relaxants

A

Valium, Flexeril

79
Q

Secondary Parkinson’s is the result of what other conditions?

A

Encephalitis
Alcoholism
TBI
Psychotropic medications

80
Q

What are the clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (TRAP)?

A

Tremor
Rigidity
Akinesia/Bradykinesia
Posture instability

Additional: fatigue, gait,falls, systemic manifestations

81
Q

What are the 5s of unfreezing in Parkinson’s

A

Stop (focus)
Sit/stand (adjust posture)
Shake it off (relax)
Shift Weight (rock back and forth/prep)
Step/shoot up (large powerful movement)

82
Q

Landau

A

Tummy supported
Super Man position

83
Q

Righting

A

keeps head oriented in space so eyes and mouth are horizontal
Keeps alignment of head and body
Neck on Body
Body on Body

84
Q

Equilibrium

A

SLOW response
adapts to change of COM and BOS

85
Q
A

Neurology PTA 210 (7 decks)

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