Neuro Final Flashcards by Natalie F

What is Motor Control

The ability to maintain and change movement and posture
Motor, Cognitive, Sensory Perception

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Reflex is the basic unit of ________

Movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hierarchy of Reflexes

Primitive Reflexes
Tonic Reflexes
Righting/Protective/Equilibrium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Primitive Reflexes

reflexes needed to survive
ex: suck, swallow, rooting

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tonic Reflexes

Develop tone in neck and trunk
ex: Labrinthe, ATNR

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Righting/Protective/Equilibrium

Most Advanced
Cortex= Equilibrium
Midbrain= Righting Reactions
Brainstem= Postural Tonic
Spinal Cord= Phasic Primitive Reflex

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Righting Reactions: Neck on Body

head-turning leads to trunk turning to follow head
ex: Log roll, baby will roll following head turn

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Righting Reactions: Body on Body

one half of the body is rotated, other half will follow
Ex: used in bed mobility- supine rolling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Protective Reactions

forward parachute reflex
backward parachute reflex
sideward parachute reflew

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equilibrium Reactions

Most advanced of postural reactions and develops last
Incorporates already learned righting reactions, ADD extremity responses or trunk rotations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Expected Sequence in Equilibrium Reactions

prone, supine, sitting, quadruped, standing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Control Stage 1

Mobility
initiation of movement that is random, erratic, lack of purpose, reflex based
*Random movement

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Control Stage 2

Stability
Maintain steadiness in weight-bearing, antigravity, posture
1. Tonic Holding
2. CoContraction
*maintenance of posture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Control Stage 3

Controlled Mobility
Proximal mobility, Distal Stability
Limbs weight-bearing, weight shifts
*movement within posture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Controls Stage 4

Skill
Proximal segment stabilize while distal segments are free of movement
*Moving one posture to another

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cognition and Motivation to move is influenced by what 3 things?

Motor Control
Motor Learning
Motor Development
*impaired cognition affects ability to learn how to move

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Piaget’s Theory Sensorimotor

Infant
learns to understand the world by associating sensory experiences with physical actions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Piaget’s Theory Preoperational

2-7 Years old
The world is represented in symbols (playing pretend) and increased use of language

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Piaget’s Theory Concrete Operations

7-11 Years Old
Logical thought occurs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Piaget’s Theory Formal Operations

12 Years old
Abstract thinking

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Optimization Principle

during development or recovery
and the body chooses how to do a movement based on efficiency
*Initially useful, then becomes habitual

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Motor Learning

the process that brings a permanent change in performance due to practice or experience

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Learning Stage 1: Cognitive

Thinking about movement
where movements are stiff, inconsistent, non-fluid and with Errors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Learning Stage 2: Associative

Movement is refined with improved coordination, consistent, efficient, more fluid and with fewer errors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Motor Learning Stage 3: Autonomous

Movement is independent that is efficient, smooth, fluid, and consistent with self-correction of errors

Neural control of posture is distributed how?

1. Spinal cord- Central Pattern 2. Cerebellum- control of timing and coordination 3. Basal Ganglia- movement initiation

Motor Learning Tasks- Open

Environments change over time

Motor Learning Tasks- Closed

parameters are the same

Experience -Dependent

Learning is based on experiences, culture, and individual situations

Experience- Expectant

Physically brain able to develop, but requires experience to make it happen

When do movement pattern changes occur?

Adolescence and Adult hood

In a counter-coup injury, where does the damage to the brain occur?

Opposite side of impact

What is the most common type of TBI?

Concussion

What are the common biggest problems of a TBI in patients?

Irritability, Lability, Aggression

What stimulus would not be appropriate to present during intervention with a TBI patient in a coma?

Playing their least favorite music

What is the most common cause of a TBI?

Falls

What are the two major types of TBI?

Open or Closed Head Injuries

Low initial scores in which areas of Glasgow Coma Scale are indicative of poor outcome?

Eye opening and Motor Response

Treatment of the patient is based on What?

Concussion clinical trajectory

Is damage from TBI widespread?

YES

PNF pattern for forward stooped posture?

D2 Flexion

to increase hamstring length, which PNF pattern do you use?

Contract Relax

Lateral weight shifts in prone on elbows, what technique is used to increase dynamic stability?

Approximation

What is a technique used to increase LE strenght?

Repeated contractions

Standing facing a corner with shoulders abducted 90degrees, elbows flexed 90 degrees, etc Self stretching routine called

Hold-Relax

treatment intervention best for early treatment in GBS would be...

Alternating ISO of trunk flexors and extensors

PTA positions a patient to test for clonus, what is the best way to position them?

Provide quick stretch to plantar flexors why flexing the knee (flexing the knee takes the gastroc out of it, leaving the soleus)

What are indicators of sympathetic nervous system involvment?

Anxiety, distractibility Mottled shiny cold skin rapid shallow breathing

Cerebellar dysfunctions include:

Dysmetria Ataxia Nystagmus

A pta completes a developmental assessment, assuming everything is normal, what would be the last to occur?

Modified plantigrade

Primary goal of baby with osteogenesis imperfecta would be....

Promote safe handling and positioning

A child with CP shows a toe drag during swing phase of gait, what would NOT contribute to this gait deviation?

Spasticity of the the dorsiflexors

A child with CP presents with slow, involuntary, writhing movements of the upper and lower extremities what type of motor disturbance is most representative

Athetosis

2 year old spina bifida T10 recieves PT for gait training, what does the child use?

Parapodium and parallel bars

What time of day should an MS patient come in for therapy?

Earlier in the day

What is areflexia?

muscle does not respond to stimuli

Working with a patient with post pollio syndrome, what would least likely be affected based on patient diagnosis?

Sensation

What is ALS

Central nervous system degeneration of anterior horn motor in spinal cord

What therapeutic intervention would be best for a typical parkinsons disease patient?

trunk rotation activities

Attention is dependent on capacity of the brain to ___________ info from the environment or LTM

PROCESS

What internal structure acts as a relay station of sensory information

Thalamus

Which term describes loss of muscle coordination that may affect gait or movement patterns in the trunk or extremities?

Ataxia

Where are anterior horn cells located?

In the gray matter

The inability to stop opposing motion by quick activation of the antagonist group is called?

Rebounding

What info is carried by to the corticospinal tracts?

MOTOR

What artery supplies blood to the cerebellum?

Basilar

Which lobe has the primary sensory cortex?

Parietal

Which artery is responsible for the dorsal region of the spinal cord?

Posterior

Which type of hypertonicity is not velocity dependent?

Rigidity

Which cranial nerve provides sensation to the face?

Trigeminal

What internal structure regulates posture, muscle tone and volitional movement?

Basal Nuclei

Which internal structure controls emotion reactions such as fear and rage?

Limbic System

Brocca's Aphasia

Expressive Aphasia, Most common, Non-fluent

Wernicke's Aphasia

Receptive Aphasia, comprehension impaired

Antiepileptic Agents

Reduces seizure activity in the brain Dilantin, Tegretol

Antispasticity Agents

Promotes relaxation in spastic muscles Can make patients drowsy, confused, headaches Dantrium, Baclofen

Dopamine Replacements

agents cross blood barrier through active transport to transform to dopamine in the brain Sinemet, Madopar

Muscle Relaxants

Valium, Flexeril

Secondary Parkinson’s is the result of what other conditions?

Encephalitis Alcoholism TBI Psychotropic medications

What are the clinical features of Parkinson’s disease (TRAP)?

Tremor Rigidity Akinesia/Bradykinesia Posture instability Additional: fatigue, gait,falls, systemic manifestations

What are the 5s of unfreezing in Parkinson’s

Stop (focus) Sit/stand (adjust posture) Shake it off (relax) Shift Weight (rock back and forth/prep) Step/shoot up (large powerful movement)

Landau

Tummy supported Super Man position

Righting

keeps head oriented in space so eyes and mouth are horizontal Keeps alignment of head and body Neck on Body Body on Body

Equilibrium

SLOW response adapts to change of COM and BOS