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Medicine II: Neurology > Neuro Exam > Flashcards

Neuro Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cerebral lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

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2
Q

What are the 3 elements of consciousness?

A

Arousal, Alertness, Awareness

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3
Q

What are the structures required for normal consciousness?

A

Reticular activating system (midbrain, thalmus, hypothalmus)

Atleast one cerebral hemisphere

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4
Q

What do we look for in expression of language?

A

fluency, clarity, grammar

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5
Q

What do we look for in comprehension of language?

A

able to follow complex, multi-step, instructions or commands

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6
Q

What are the structures required for expression of language?

A

Broca’s area (dominant frontal lobe)

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7
Q

What are the structures required for comprehension of language?

A

Wernike’s Area (dominant temporal/parietal lobes)

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8
Q

What are the structures required for repetition of language?

A

Acuate Fasciculus (white matter tract between Broca’s and Wernike’s)

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9
Q

What are the structures required for naming in association with language?

A

Dominant frontal lobe

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10
Q

How do we assess attention and concentration?

A

assess ability to maintain steps in working memory (spell words backwards, count backwards)

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11
Q

What structures are required for attention and concentration?

A

frontal-subcortical network

visual-spatial attention (non-dominant parietal lobe)

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12
Q

What are the structures involved in memory?

A

hippocampus (encoding and consolidating memory)

frontal-subcortical system (retrival of memories)

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13
Q

What are the structures involved in the “fund of knowledge”?

A

temporal and parietal lobes (semantic knowledge)

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14
Q

What cranial nerves are associated with what parts of the brainstem?

A

midbrain - 2, 3, 4
pons - 5, 6, 7, 1/2 8
medulla- 1/2 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

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15
Q

What is a key element of the physical exam for cranial nerve II?

A

inspection of the optic disc

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16
Q

What aspects of the EOMs are cranial nerves III, IV and VI responsible for?

A

III: raises eyebrows, moves eyes nasally (also up and down somewhat)
IV: moves eyes downward
VI: moves eyes laterally

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17
Q

What are the functions of CN V?

A

light touch or pin prick of forehead (V1), cheeks (V2) and jaw (V3)
also the muscle of mastication

18
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A

Facial movement and expression

19
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A

hearing an balance

20
Q

What is the function of CN IX and X?

A

palatal elevation (ahhhh)

21
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

head turning and shoulder shrug

22
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

tongue protrusion

23
Q

What is the normal motor strength rating?

A

5

24
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for shoulder abduction?

A

deltoids, axillary nerve (C5-C6)

25
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for elbow flexion?

A

biceps, musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6)

26
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for elbow extension?

A

triceps, radial nerve (C5-C6)

27
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for finger spreading?

A

dorsal interossei (C8, T1)

28
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for finger opposition?

A

opponens pollicis, median (C8, T1)

29
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for hip flexion?

A

iliopsoas, femoral nerve (L1-L2))

30
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for knee flexion?

A

hamstrings, sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

31
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for knee extension?

A

quadriceps, femoral nerve (L2-L4)

32
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for foot dorsiflexion?

A

tibialis anterior, deep peroneal nerve (L4-L5)

33
Q

What are the muscles and nerves responsible for foot plantar flexion?

A

gastrocnemius and soleus, tibial nerve (S1-S2)

34
Q

What is the rating for normal reflexes?

A

2+

35
Q

What are the upper extremity reflexes and the nerves that innervate them?

A

biceps- C5, C6
triceps- C7
brachioradialis- C6

36
Q

What are the lower extremity reflexes and the nerves that innervate them?

A

patellar- L4
achilles- S1 (w/ankle clonus)
babinski

37
Q

What are the aspects of a sensory assessment?

A

light touch
pin prick (or alternatively temp)
vibratory
proprioception

38
Q

What are the aspects of a coordination assessment?

A

point to point
rapid alternating movements
romberg
heel to shin

39
Q

What are the aspects of a gait and station assessment?

A

station
tandem gait
heel walking, toe walking

40
Q

What do we also have to note in a gait and station exam?

A

speed, stride length, arm swing, turns

41
Q

What is required to be able to assess for gait and station?

A

LOC, strength, sensation and coordination

Medicine II: Neurology (12 decks)

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